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Assessment of Groundwater Potential in the Kalahandi District of Odisha (India) Using Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Analytical Hierarchy Process

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Abstract

Groundwater has become the ultimate source for domestic consumption of many urban and rural populations in the world due to unavailability of sufficient good-quality surface water. Because of high spatiotemporal variation in occurrence and distribution of this diminishing resource, understanding its nature is important for sustainable development and use. Geospatial technology has made this tedious task simpler by offering a new avenue for groundwater potential zoning. The present study was attempted to identify groundwater potential zones in the Kalahandi district of Odisha with the application of remote sensing, geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Various features such as geomorphology, land use/land cover, soil, land slope, drainage and lineament density and dynamic groundwater were assigned weights according to the Saaty’s scale by considering their influences on groundwater potential. The weights were then normalized using AHP and eigenvector technique. ArcGIS 10.6.1 was used to integrate all the features for developing the groundwater potential map of the district. The area was demarcated into five groundwater prospect zones, namely ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’, ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’ covering 19, 6, 34, 28 and 13% of the district, respectively. Thus, it can be inferred that there is ample scope of groundwater development as 59% of the area comes under moderate to very good groundwater zones. On the other hand, suitable strategies can be devised for groundwater augmentation in poor to very poor zones. This study will be useful in formulating suitable strategies for the management of groundwater resources of the district.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the National Remote Sensing Centre (ISRO), Hyderabad, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP), Kolkata, Odisha Remote Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC), Bhubaneswar, and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Bhubaneswar, for providing necessary data and information that made this study possible. Special thanks go to the Geospatial Technology Centre, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, for providing necessary software and hardware support.

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  1. Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    T. Goitsemang, D. M. Das, S. K. Raul, C. R. Subudhi & B. Panigrahi

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  1. T. Goitsemang
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  2. D. M. Das
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Goitsemang, T., Das, D.M., Raul, S.K. et al. Assessment of Groundwater Potential in the Kalahandi District of Odisha (India) Using Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Analytical Hierarchy Process. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 48, 1739–1753 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01188-3

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