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Anthropic resource exploitation and use of the territory at the onset of social complexity in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Western Pyrenees: a multi-isotope approach

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Abstract

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyses from bone collagen provide information about the dietary protein input, while strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) from tooth enamel give us data about provenance and potential territorial mobility of past populations. To date, isotopic results on the prehistory of the Western Pyrenees are scarce. In this article, we report human and faunal values of the mentioned isotopes from the Early-Middle Neolithic site of Fuente Hoz (Anuntzeta) and the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic site of Kurtzebide (Letona, Zigoitia). The main objectives of this work are to analyse the dietary and territorial mobility patterns of these populations. Furthermore, as an additional aim, we will try to discuss social ranking based on the isotope data and existing literature on this topic in the region of study. Our results show that, based on the bioavailable Sr values, both purported local and non-local humans were buried together at the sites. Additionally, they suggest similar resource consumption based on C3 terrestrial resources (i.e. ovicaprids, bovids, and suids) as the main part of the protein input. Overall, this study sheds light on how individuals from different backgrounds were still buried together and shared the same “dietary lifestyle” at a time in the Prehistory of Iberia when social complexities started to appear.

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Acknowledgements

This study is part of ISG’s Doctoral Thesis, supervised by AA and DCSG. All authors would like to thank the Cultural Heritage Centre of the Basque Government and the depository of the Bibat (Archaeological Museum of Araba) for permission to carry out the necessary sampling for the analyses. We would also like to thank Fayrooza Rawoot, Kerryn Gray, and Ian Newton for technical assistance. Thanks also to Christel Tinguely for the Sr concentration values.

Funding

ISG benefits from a post-graduate grant of the Basque Government. ISG and AA have been partially funded by the research project of the Spanish Science Ministry HAR2014-53536-P (La ruta occidental del poblamiento de la Península Ibérica durante el Paleolítico medio y superior), and the Research Team in Prehistory at the University of the Basque Country (IT-622-13). Sample preparation material and analytical costs were paid by DCSG’s UCT and BBVA grants. VVM has a pre-doctoral scholarship funded by the Government of Aragon and European Social Fund (REF: BOA20150701025).

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  1. Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología. Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

    Izaskun Sarasketa-Gartzia & Álvaro Arrizabalaga

  2. Grupo Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro (PPVE), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Vanessa Villalba-Mouco

  3. Departament of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Upper Campus, University Avenue, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa

    Petrus Le Roux & Domingo C. Salazar-García

  4. Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-622-13 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

    Domingo C. Salazar-García

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  1. Izaskun Sarasketa-Gartzia
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  2. Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
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  3. Petrus Le Roux
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  4. Álvaro Arrizabalaga
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  5. Domingo C. Salazar-García
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Correspondence to Izaskun Sarasketa-Gartzia.

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Sarasketa-Gartzia, I., Villalba-Mouco, V., Le Roux, P. et al. Anthropic resource exploitation and use of the territory at the onset of social complexity in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Western Pyrenees: a multi-isotope approach. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 3665–3680 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0678-7

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