Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American heart association. Circulation. 2017;135:e927–99.
Kato H, Koike S, Yokoyama T. Kawasaki disease: effect of treatment on coronary artery involvement. Pediatrics. 1979;63:175–9.
Research Committee of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery Committee for Development of Guidelines for Medical Treatment of Acute Kawasaki Disease. Guidelines for medical treatment of acute Kawasaki disease: report of the research committee of the Japanese society of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery (2012 revised version). Pediatr Int. 2014;56:135–58.
de Graeff N, Groot N, Ozen S, Eleftheriou D, Avcin T, Bader-Meunier B, et al. European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease-the SHARE initiative. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019;58:672–82.
Kobrynski L. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy: a new option for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. Biologics. 2012;6:277–87.
Miura M, Katada Y, Ishihara J. Time interval of measles vaccination in patients with Kawasaki disease treated with additional intravenous immune globulin. Eur J Pediatr. 2004;163:25–9.
Morikawa Y, Sakakibara H, Kimiya T, Obonai T, Miura M. Tokyo pediatric clinical research network. Live attenuated vaccine efficacy six months after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Kawasaki disease. Vaccine. 2021;39:5680–7.
Tacke CE, Smits GP, van der Klis FR, Kuipers IM, Zaaijer HL, Kuijpers TW. Reduced serologic response to mumps, measles, and rubella vaccination in patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for Kawasaki disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:1701–3.
Timing and spacing of immunobiologics. 2022. https://www.cdc.gov//vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/timing.html. Accessed 10 Apr 2022.
Siber GR, Werner BG, Halsey NA, Reid R, Almeido-Hill J, Garrett SC, et al. Interference of immune globulin with measles and rubella immunization. J Pediatr. 1993;122:204–11.
Kamei K, Miyairi I, Ishikura K, Ogura M, Shoji K, Funaki T, et al. Prospective study of live attenuated vaccines for patients with nephrotic syndrome receiving immunosuppressive agents. J Pediatr. 2018;196:217-22.e1.
Kuijpers TW, Wiegman A, van Lier RA, Roos MT, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Pinedo S, et al. Kawasaki disease: a maturational defect in immune responsiveness. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1869–77.
Chui LW, Marusyk RG, Pabst HF. Measles virus specific antibody in infants in a highly vaccinated society. J Med Virol. 1991;33:199–204.
Yeager AS, Davis JH, Ross LA, Harvey B. Measles immunization. Successes and failures. JAMA. 1977;237:347–51.
Saitoh A, Okabe N. Recent progress and concerns regarding the Japanese immunization program: addressing the “vaccine gap”. Vaccine. 2014;32:4253–8.
Sonobe T. Intravenous gamma-globulin therapy and vaccination. Shoni-Naika. 1994;26:1929–33 (in Japanese).
Terai M, Honda T, Yasukawa K, Higashi K, Hamada H, Kohno Y. Prognostic impact of vascular leakage in acute Kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2003;108:325–30.
Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, et al. A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1633–9.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Yuho Horikoshi of the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center for his support; Ms. Makiko Yoshida, Ms. Yuriko Ozaki, and the staff at the Clinical Research Support Center of Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center for their help with data management; Mr. Takashi Nakamoto and Ms. Masako Tomotsune for their assistance with data collection; and Mr. James Robert Valera for his assistance in reviewing and editing this manuscript. The authors would like to express their deep appreciation to all the participants and their parents and all the staff at the participating institutions.
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Center.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YM conceptualized and designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, and drafted and revised the manuscript. HS coordinated the study, supervised the data collection, and revised the manuscript. MM helped to conceptualize and design the study, interpret the data, and review and revise the manuscript. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
The ethics committee at each institute approved this study. The study is registered in UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (No. UMIN000007174, registration date: January 31, 2012; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&type=summary&recptno=R000008452).
Conflict of interest
MM received honoraria from the Japan Blood Products Organization, Teijin Pharma Limited, Nihon Pharmaceutical, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation which were unrelated to the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morikawa, Y., Sakakibara, H. & Miura, M. Efficacy of live attenuated vaccines after two doses of intravenous immunoglobulin for Kawasaki disease. World J Pediatr 18, 706–709 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-022-00594-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-022-00594-6