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Are patients recovering from Kawasaki disease at increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis? A meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Recent studies have suggested that Kawasaki disease (KD) may cause endothelial dysfunction, which can potentially induce atherosclerosis. However, there is still no consensus on the relationship between KD and atherosclerosis. This article aimed to determine whether patients with a history of KD may be at increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis via a meta-analysis.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and SpringerLink databases were systematically searched. Studies on risk factors for atherosclerosis were included. A meta-analysis of case–control studies was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Twenty studies were included with a total of 1684 subjects (990 patients after KD and 694 controls). The meta-analysis showed that the level of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; P = 0.005) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (95% CI: 0.00, 0.10; P = 0.03) were significantly higher in patients after KD than controls, whereas flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (95% CI: − 5.14, − 1.26; P = 0.001) in patients after KD was significantly lower. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) (95% CI: − 0.13, 5.92; P = 0.06), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (95% CI: − 0.65, 2.08; P = 0.31), or triglycerides (TG) (95% CI: − 1.94, 8.03; P = 0.23).

Conclusion

Endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes may exist in patients with a history of KD, which are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Specially Appointed Medical Expert Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health (2019) and the Medical Science and Technique Foundation of Nanjing Health Commission (YKK19104).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China

    Yuan-Yuan Zeng, Feng Chen, Yong Zhang & Xing Ji

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  1. Yuan-Yuan Zeng
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  2. Feng Chen
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Contributions

Conceptualization: YYZ; writing—original draft preparation: YYZ and FC; writing—review and editing: YYZ, FC, XJ and YZ; funding acquisition: FC. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xing Ji.

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Not needed for the meta-analysis.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Zeng, YY., Chen, F., Zhang, Y. et al. Are patients recovering from Kawasaki disease at increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis? A meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 17, 476–483 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-021-00452-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-021-00452-x

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