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Environmental exposure during pregnancy and the risk of childhood allergic diseases

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Abstract

Background

Allergic diseases are one of the most common and important diseases that can exert hazardous effects on children's health. The prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood is gradually increasing all over the world in recent decades. Known causes of these diseases include anomalous immune responses and allergic inflammatory reactions, but the causes of allergic diseases in childhood are complex.

Data sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science were searched for articles focusing on environmental exposure during pregnancy and the risk of childhood allergic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis, and the possible underlying mechanism.

Results

In terms of environmental factors, allergic diseases in childhood are closely related to environmental chemical exposure during pregnancy, including bisphenols, phthalates acid esters, perfluorochemicals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls. However, allergic diseases in childhood are also closely associated with maternal dietary nutrition, maternal intake of drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol and antibiotics, and maternal lifestyle.

Conclusions

Several harmful environmental factors during pregnancy can result in the interruption of the function of helper T cells (Th1/Th2), cytokines and immunoglobulins and may activate allergic reactions, which can lead to allergic diseases during childhood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China

    Ming-Zhi Zhang & Yan-Kai Xia

  2. Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China

    Ming-Zhi Zhang & Yan-Kai Xia

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Shan-Shan Chu, Dan-Dan Wang & Xu Wang

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  1. Ming-Zhi Zhang
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Contributions

ZMZ and CSS contributed equally to this work. ZMZ contributed to the writing of the original draft. CSS contributed to reviewing and editing. XYK contributed to conceptualization. WDD contributed to conceptualization. WX contributed to revision and supervision. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

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Correspondence to Xu Wang.

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Zhang, MZ., Chu, SS., Xia, YK. et al. Environmental exposure during pregnancy and the risk of childhood allergic diseases. World J Pediatr 17, 467–475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-021-00448-7

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