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Linear correlation and regression analysis of tap water quality parameters in rural area of Malwa Punjab

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Abstract

Tap water is a primary source for drinking water and other human activities in villages. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) measures the quality of drinking water. The water samples used for drinking purposes from twenty-one villages of Malwa Punjab, India, were collected and analyzed from January 2022 to June 2022. To determine water quality, physicochemical parameters such as color, odor, pH, temperature, EC, TDS, TH, alkalinity, and the presence of ions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−, Na+, K+, Ca2+) were tested. The results of collected tap water samples were compared with standards of drinking water issued by WHO and the Government of India. It is found that some of the samples are not fit for drinking purposes. In the present study, statistical methods — linear correlation and regression analysis of water samples of these villages of the Malwa belt — are carried out to correlate the data of various parameters, using correlation coefficients and regression equations. Based upon this analysis, the quality of water in the villages can be easily determined at different points keeping the same source. A Piper diagram is also plotted to understand and compare the ionic composition present in given water samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Chitkara University, Rajpura for providing the required lab facilities.

Funding

The authors express their gratitude to DST for providing funds to execute this research work under project sanction order: DST/SEED/SCSP/STI/2019232/G.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajpura, India

    Jyotsna Kaushal,  Shalini & Himanshu Goyal

  2. Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India

    Archana Mantri

Authors
  1. Jyotsna Kaushal
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  2. Archana Mantri
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  3. Shalini
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  4. Himanshu Goyal
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Contributions

JK — conceptualization, analyzing data, and editing; AM — funding from DST, review, and editing; S — collecting samples and experimentation; HG — manuscript writing: content, statistical data, and graphs.

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Correspondence to Jyotsna Kaushal.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel

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Kaushal, J., Mantri, A., Shalini et al. Linear correlation and regression analysis of tap water quality parameters in rural area of Malwa Punjab. Arab J Geosci 17, 97 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11903-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11903-w

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