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Sowing date-induced salinity stress impacts the performance of mustard genotypes grown in the coastal saline areas of Bangladesh

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Abstract

The large cultivable coastal areas of Bangladesh can play an important role in the country’s food security if utilized properly by intensifying the crop. Currently, mono-cropping (rainy season rice) is the major practice in these areas and the land is mostly fallow during the rabi season (mid-November to mid-March) due to a relatively high concentration of soil salinity. Recently, it is found that the cultivation of mustard is a feasible option in coastal areas; however, their optimum sowing windows are still unexplored. Late sowing of mustard in coastal saline areas results in reduced yield due to a gradual increase in soil salinity. To figure out the relationship between the growth and yield of mustard cultivars with different sowing dates induced salinity and also adopt suitable sowing dates to reduce crop yield loss, the experiment was conducted in southern Bangladesh during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 crop seasons. The trial included four sowing dates of mustard—17 November, 25 November, 3 December, and 11 December along with three mustard varieties “BARI Sarisha-13,” “BARI Sarisha-14,” and “BARI Sarisha-16.” Across sowing dates, the salinity level increased as plant growth and development progressed, and the late-sown crop had a more pronounced effect of salinity on crop performance. Seedling mortality increased when the sowing date was delayed and compared to November 17 sowing on December 11 had a 20–25% higher seedling mortality rate. Crop growth rate, as well as crop duration of mustard varieties, decreased with the delayed sowing, and across varieties, crop duration decreased by 5–23 days when the sowing date was delayed from November 17 to December 11. The seed yield and oil content decreased with the sowing date onwards after November 17. Across sowing dates, the performance of the variety BARI Sarisha-16 was comparatively better in terms of higher seed yield and less yield reduction when the sowing date was delayed from November 17 to November 25. The late-sown crops greatly affected the mustard growth and yield due to rising soil salinity and as well as temperatures. Results indicated that in the coastal areas of southern Bangladesh, the sowing of mustard must be completed within the third week of November and improved varieties having both salinity and temperature stress tolerant can greatly help to boost yield.

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Data Availability

Data of the study are in all Tables and Figures.

Abbreviations

FRG:

Fertilizer recommendation guide

BARI:

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

BBS:

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

AEZ:

Agroecological zones

SRDI:

Soil Resource Development Institute

BBS:

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

DAS:

Days after sowing

CGR:

Crop growth rate

dS:

Decisiemens

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Agricultural Research Station, Benarpota, Satkhira for giving plant materials, land support, valuable information, and financial support for this research. The authors would like to cover their truthful gratitude to the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP 2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia for supporting the current study.

Funding

Authors are thankful to the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for financial support to conduct this research and the research was partially funded by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP 2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh

    Md. Mohsin Howlader

  2. On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gaibandha, 5700, Bangladesh

    Md. Jahangir Alam &  Abdullah-Al-Mahmud

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Gaber

  4. International Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh

    Sharif Ahmed

  5. Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Mazie Research Institute, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh

    Akbar Hossain

Authors
  1. Md. Mohsin Howlader
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  2. Md. Jahangir Alam
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  3. Abdullah-Al-Mahmud
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  4. Ahmed Gaber
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  5. Sharif Ahmed
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Contributions

Conceptualization, M.M.H.; methodology, M.M.H. and M.J.A.; software, M.M.H. and M.J.A.; formal analysis, M.M.H., M.J.A. and S.A.; investigation, M.M.H. resources, M.M.H.; data curation, M.J.A. and S.A.; writing—original draft preparation, M.M.H. and M.J.A.; writing—review and editing, S.A., A.A.M., A.H., and A.G.; project administration, M.M.H.; funding acquisition, S.A., A.G., and A.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Akbar Hossain.

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Howlader, M., Alam, M., Abdullah-Al-Mahmud et al. Sowing date-induced salinity stress impacts the performance of mustard genotypes grown in the coastal saline areas of Bangladesh. Arab J Geosci 16, 202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11298-0

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