Abstract
Increasing temperatures in urban areas cause an increase in air conditioning demands, elevated pollution levels, and may modify precipitation patterns. Therefore, many environmental, economic, and social considerations are associated with the urban heat island (UHI) effect, directly affecting the residents of a city’s comfort and health. A detailed analysis regarding the formation of UHIs with the help of land surface temperature (LST) image mapping was carried out in the present study. The results show the presence of nocturnal UHI formation over the Delhi city during the entire study period with an average surface UHI intensity (SUHII) of 9.5 K, whereas an inverse surface UHI (SUHI) effect was observed during the day period. Also, a detailed analysis regarding the formation of urban pollution island (UPI) with the help of aerosol optical depth (AOD) image mapping was done in the present study. By comparing SUHII and urban pollution island intensity (UPII) over the study area, it has been noticed that there is no significant correlation between SUHII and UPII. During summer day and nighttime and winter day and nighttime, there were significantly lower values of R2 recorded in a range between 0.002 and 0.48. Rising temperatures due to UHI formation can cause aerosol particles to disperse beyond higher atmospheric boundaries by facilitating rapid mixing, but it does not show any proper trend during the study period. During the day period, soil or barren land contributes to higher LSTs in rural areas, leading to an inverse UHI effect, or cool island effect. Instead of AOD, land use and land cover (LU LC) change shows a good relationship with diurnal LST variations. Higher road density (RD) value regions and the densely built-up areas have shown higher values of LST and are responsible for the nocturnal UHI effect over the study area during both summer and winter.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their instructive comments, which helped to improve this paper. The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center for making available the satellite data.
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Mishra, M.K., Mathew, A. Investigating the spatio-temporal correlation between urban heat island and atmospheric pollution island interaction over Delhi, India using geospatial techniques. Arab J Geosci 15, 1591 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10854-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10854-4