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Analysis of seasonal variation in surface water quality and water quality index (WQI) of Amba River from Dolvi Region, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract

Surface water pollution especially river bank pollution is one of the most serious issues, particularly in India. The quality of river water and the quantity of pollution in it must be assessed regularly. The information can be helpful for treating the water and making it potable and also for the development of water treatment policy. Therefore, the paper aims to explore seasonal (December 2018 (winter) (W 2018), May 2019 (summer) (S 2019), and December 2019 (winter) (W 2019)) variation in the physicochemical parameters of surface water and to estimate the surface water quality index of Amba River. The water samples were collected from 13 different locations, and parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured for three seasons on the site. Then, samples were transported to the laboratory for analysis of other physicochemical parameters like sodium (Na) and total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), calcium (Ca+), magnesium (Mg+), chlorides (Cl−), sulfate (SO4−), phosphate (PO4−), nitrate (NO3−), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Seasonal fluctuations in surface water quality characteristics were documented, compared to standards, and the pollution status was investigated using the water quality index. The results revealed that the parameters like TDS, COD, BOD, TA, TH, Cl−, and PO4− were above the permissible limit at all sites and for all seasons concerning WHO standard’s limit. Anthropogenic activities, as well as untreated sewage and effluent, infiltrate the river ecology and pollute the surface water. Overall water quality index showed the river water falls under the poor category. Our hypothesis was that all human-induced industrial and residential activities are endangering the aquatic ecosystem and producing significant pollution. Hence, there is a need to restore the natural water quality, flow of the river, and routine clean-up process of polluted water.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which have helped improve the manuscript. The authors are very thankful to Prof. Suresh Gosavi, Head Department of Environmental Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, for providing necessary laboratory facilities. Also, the authors are grateful to Dr. Anand Rai, General Manager and Head, Department of Environment, and Mr. Gajraj Singh Rathore, president JSW steel plant Geetapurm Dolvi, Tal-Pen, and District Raigad Maharashtra (India) for providing necessary equipment facilities to carry out the present research work and giving their constant support and encouragement to complete this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411007, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ravindra Jaybhaye

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411007, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Pramod Nandusekar, Jayesh Jadhav & Pramod Kamble

  3. Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411007, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Manik Awale

  4. Symbiosis Institute of International Business, 411057, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Dipen Paul

  5. M. J. College, 425002, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

    Uday Kulkarni

  6. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India

    Utkarsh Mukkannawar

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  1. Ravindra Jaybhaye
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  2. Pramod Nandusekar
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  3. Manik Awale
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  4. Dipen Paul
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  6. Jayesh Jadhav
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  7. Utkarsh Mukkannawar
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  8. Pramod Kamble
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Contributions

Jaybhaye R. G., Pramod Nandusekar, and Pramod Kamble: formal analysis, writing—original draft and editing, data curation. Utkarsh Mukkannawar, Manik Awale, Jayesh Jadhav, and D. Paul: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—review, and editing. Uday Kulkarni: review.

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Correspondence to Pramod Kamble.

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Jaybhaye, R., Nandusekar, P., Awale, M. et al. Analysis of seasonal variation in surface water quality and water quality index (WQI) of Amba River from Dolvi Region, Maharashtra, India. Arab J Geosci 15, 1261 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10542-3

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