The Soma polymetallic hydrothermal Pb–Zn-Cu(± Mo ± Ag ± Au) mineralizations in the south of Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: constraints from mineralogy, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion data

Kumral, Mustafa; Kabiru, Mohammed; Aydogan, Mustafa Selman; Kocaturk, Huseyin; Unluer, Ali Tugcan

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10412-y

Original Paper
Published: 16 June 2022

The Soma polymetallic hydrothermal Pb–Zn-Cu(± Mo ± Ag ± Au) mineralizations in the south of Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: constraints from mineralogy, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion data

Arabian Journal of Geosciences volume 15, Article number: 1172 (2022) Cite this article

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Abstract

The NW Anatolia of Turkey (especially the Biga Peninsula) hosts substantial skarn, porphyry Cu-Mo, and epithermal Pb–Zn ± Ag ± Au mineralizations. Of these, ore-forming processes of the Soma (Manisa) region in the southern part of the Biga Peninsula are distinguished. Two subtypes of mineralization zones were identified in the study area. The first subtype of mineralization is located nearby outward sections of Turkali pluton, resembling a porphyry type of mineralization with higher homogenization temperatures (197.5 to 280.1 ℃) with salinities 2.4 to 15.8 wt.% NaCl equivalents. The relatively high anomalies of Cu (up to 0.36% and Mo up to 634 ppm) with minor gold anomalies found in outward zones of Turkali pluton suggested the pluton likely to host higher-grade porphyry-type mineralization. The mineralogical assemblage of Turkali-related mineralization consists of chalcopyrite and molybdenite with minor sphalerite and also points out a granite-hosted porphyry-hydrothermal system. The second subtype of mineralization which is located around Yayladalı village can be described as a volcanic-hosted polymetallic Pb–Zn ± Au ± Ag hydrothermal-type mineralization. The main ore minerals are galena and sphalerite with supergene minerals including smithsonite and cerussite; therefore, this mineralization can be considered as a volcanic-hosted multiphase hydrothermal polymetallic deposition. The homogenization temperatures of 191.5 to 251.4 ℃ with salinities 5.86 to 18.0 wt. NaCl equivalents also support this conclusion. Both mineralization fields have high alteration index values, as expected. The volcanic-hosted mineralization zone has higher Ishikawa Alteration Index (AI) and chlorite carbonate pyrite index (CCPI) values, probably caused by the higher permeability of acidic volcanic rocks with lots of fractures.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a part of the M.Sc. thesis of Muhammed Kabiru. It is financially supported by the Scientific Research Office of Istanbul Technical University (ITUBAP Project Code 39797). We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers for helpful criticism and suggestions that improved the manuscript.

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Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, TR34467, Istanbul, Turkey
Mustafa Kumral, Mohammed Kabiru, Huseyin Kocaturk & Ali Tugcan Unluer
Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Balıkesir University, TR10145, Balıkesir, Turkey
Mustafa Selman Aydogan

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Mustafa Kumral
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Mohammed Kabiru
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Mustafa Selman Aydogan
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Huseyin Kocaturk
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Ali Tugcan Unluer
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Kumral, M., Kabiru, M., Aydogan, M.S. et al. The Soma polymetallic hydrothermal Pb–Zn-Cu(± Mo ± Ag ± Au) mineralizations in the south of Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: constraints from mineralogy, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion data. Arab J Geosci 15, 1172 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10412-y

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Received: 15 December 2021
Accepted: 31 May 2022
Published: 16 June 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10412-y

Keywords

Polymetallic mineralization
Soma
Biga peninsula
Fluid inclusions
Hydrothermal alteration
Porphyry Cu-Mo deposits