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Review and state of the art for the hydro-morphological modeling of transboundary rivers, Tigris River as a case study

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Abstract

Worldwide, many transboundary rivers suffer from massive changes in morphology due to climate change and increase in the number of hydraulic structures by the riparian countries. In Iraq, the sever hydro-morphological change in the Tigris River during the last 50 years intensified the need to conduct a comprehensive review and assessment for the available methods and modeling tools and carried out studies to investigate the morphological changes in this river. To this end, the main hydro-morphological theories, methods, modeling approaches, and tools were reviewed, as well as the hydrodynamic and morphological studies of the river. This review indicated that most of studies concerned with the Tigris River followed the traditional procedures such as field measurements and field geometry surveying or analyzing an old data obtained from other studies. Also, integral employment of the field measurements with recent modeling techniques and tools was rarely applied. Furthermore, there is no scientific cooperation between the riparian countries and their contribution in common studies almost non-existent. Consequently, most of the Tigris River’s reaches were not included in the measurements and field surveys. However, only the reaches within the main cities along the river were included in these surveys. This paper indicates that high priority should be given to the comprehensive field survey and morphological characteristic measurements. As well as recent investigation and modeling tools must be integrally used. These findings highlight the main challenges facing this issue. This is very important to determine the aspects of support and cooperation between the riparian countries to ensure the sustainable management of the transboundary rivers’ basins.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the State Commission of Dams and Reservoirs (SCDR) of the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Iraq, for their support and funding under contract no. 1/Study/Dams/2021. The authors are also grateful to the technical and faculty staff of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad for their valuable support and scientific assistance.

Funding

This work was supported and funded by the State Commission of Dams and Reservoiurs (SCDR) of the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Iraq, under contract no. 1/Study/Dams/2021.

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  1. Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq

    Ala Hassan Nama, Jaafar Sadeq Maatooq & Ali Sadiq Abbas

  2. Department of Water Resources Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 17635, Iraq

    Ala Hassan Nama

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Idea of article: Jaafar Sadeq Maatooq, and Ala Hassan Nama; literature search: Ala Hassan Nama and Ali Sadeq Abbas; data analysis: Ala Hassan Nama; writing draft paper: Ala Hassan Nama; review of results, visualization, and writing Jaafar: Sadeq Maatooq and Ali Sadeq Abbas; final revising: Jaafar Sadeq Maatooq.

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Correspondence to Ala Hassan Nama.

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Nama, A.H., Maatooq, J.S. & Abbas, A.S. Review and state of the art for the hydro-morphological modeling of transboundary rivers, Tigris River as a case study. Arab J Geosci 15, 1043 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10248-6

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