Abstract
In order to explore the difference between EREV (extended range electric vehicles) and BEV (battery electric vehicles) in terms of energy consumption and pollution emissions, two representative models in the Chinese market are taken as research object. Meanwhile, mineral resources, fossil energy consumption, and pollution emissions are selected as comparative evaluation indexes, and corresponding mathematical evaluation difference models are established. Then, an analysis model for vehicles and components is constructed by using GaBi software based on the evaluation indexes and mathematical evaluation difference models. In addition, energy consumption and pollution emission of two vehicles under different operation modes are compared based on the structural differences of two power systems. From the respective of life cycle assessment (LCA), mineral resources consumption of BEV is 0.184 kg Sb eq, fossil energy consumption is 1.85 E + 05 MJ, and carbon emission is 1.69 E + 04 kg, which is approximately 1.29 times, 0.52 times, and 1.23 times of EREV. In the three electric system, mineral resources consumption of battery, motor, and electronic control of BEV is approximately 2.7 times, 1.29 times, and 1.22 times of that of EREV, respectively. Fossil energy consumption in raw material acquisition stage is approximately 1.92 times, 1.29 times, and 1.22 times, respectively, and that in manufacturing and assembly stage is approximately 2.03 times, 1.29 times, and 1.22 times, respectively. Carbon emissions are approximately 1.92 times, 1.29 times, and 1.22 times, respectively. In the pure electric mode, crude oil consumption of the EREV is 283.43 kg, which is approximately 4.06 times of that of the BEV; raw coal consumption of the BEV is 5231.7 kg, which is approximately 4.71 times that of the EREV; and natural gas consumption is approximately 7.4 times that of the EREV. In the extended range mode, natural gas consumption of the EREV is 515.45 kg, which is approximately 3.16 times that of the BEV in pure electric mode. Finally, from the aspects of manufacturing process optimization, body lightweight, and low-carbon energy structure, some suggestions are given to provide reference for policy formulation and filed research on energy saving and pollution emission reduction, so that the technology route of new energy vehicles in China is promoted and application of LCA in the field of new energy vehicles is improved.
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Funding
This work is financially supported by the Youth Science and technology star project of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2021KJXX-15), the Shaanxi Provincial Key Industry Innovation Chain Project (Grant No. 2020ZDLGY16-08), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 300102221106).
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Conceptualization: Yang Yang; methodology: Yang Yang, Yisong Chen; formal analysis and investigation: Yunxiang Xing, Yisong Chen; writing — original draft preparation: Yunxiang Xing, Ying Cao; writing — review and editing: Pei Fu.
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Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Xing, Y. et al. Comparative evaluation of energy consumption and emissions in the life cycle of extended-range and battery electric vehicles. Arab J Geosci 15, 512 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09792-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09792-y