Abstract
Ventilation in greenhouses is achieved either naturally (driven by wind or buoyancy or both) or mechanically (using fans). Natural ventilation is the commonly used energy-efficient technique of cooling greenhouses by reducing the inside-outside air temperature difference substantially and regulating humidity (RH) and carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels. However, the overall ventilation performance of a greenhouse is a function of numerous ventilation characteristics such as number of air exchanges per unit time (ventilation rate), wind speed and direction, vent type and positioning, vent opening area, types and porosities of insect-proof screens, roof slopes, structural orientation, number of spans, and the greenhouse dimensions. Moreover, the greenhouse microclimate is a direct function of the ventilation performance. Therefore, to develop energy-efficient microclimatic conditions, it becomes significant to optimize the greenhouse ventilation rate and its associated characteristics. Optimizing ventilation rate in relation to greenhouse size (width), ventilator area and placement, incorporation of deflectors, and use of insect-proof screens may help to reduce the energy consumption. The ventilation rate and design temperature are the key parameters significantly affecting the greenhouse microclimate and the energy consumption. For proper ventilation in greenhouses, the number of air exchanges of 1–2/min and 2–4/h are required during summer and winter climatic conditions, respectively. A maximum ventilation area (side walls plus ridge) of 60.0% in a greenhouse with preferably roll-up side vents (rectangular in shape) is sufficient to maintain an encouraging plant growth environment throughout the year by at least 20% reduction in energy use (heating and cooling). Thus, it becomes imperative to monitor, regulate, and optimize the ventilation requirements of greenhouses to achieve energy-efficient microclimatic conditions for optimal plant growth and productivity. This review highlights the impact of ventilation rate on greenhouse microclimate and energy use in relation to its numerous associated characteristics.
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Singh, M., Sharma, K. & Prasad, V. Impact of ventilation rate and its associated characteristics on greenhouse microclimate and energy use. Arab J Geosci 15, 288 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09587-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09587-1