Abstract
About 135 million years before, a form of marine animal called belemnites existed during the geological period of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The Cauvery Basin is a pericratonic basin that lies along the southeast coast of India. The belemnites fossil used in the present study is collected from Karai East, Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. The inner and outer parts of the cross-section differ in the size of calcite forms and building up in the fossil. Geochemical characterization of rostrum and alveolus in the fossil was done to determine the mineral constitutions and assemblages. The elements were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Micro Raman, X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. A strong calcite mineral deposition was observed in the central part of the rostrum together with kaolinite and orthoclase feldspar as minor components. The peak observed in 3421, 2926 and 3436, 2924 cm-1 are the characteristic peaks of kaolinite in the rostrum and the alveolus respectively. The peaks were observed at 1038 cm-1 are the characteristic peak of orthoclase feldspar. The advent methodology directly and non-invasively affords spatially resolved assessments of organic matter preservation and microscale chemical diversity within any geologically preserved terrestrial sedimentary sample in technological applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Aasm IS, Veizer J (1986) Diagenetic stabilization of aragonite and low-Mg calcite, I. Trace elements in rudists. J Sediment Res 56:138–152. https://doi.org/10.1306/212F88A5-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Bailey TR, Rosenthal Y, McArthur JM, van de Schootbrugge B, Thirwall MF (2003) Paleoceanographic changes of the Late Pliensbachian-Early Toarcian interval: a possible link to the genesis of an Oceanic Anoxic Event. Earth Planet Sci Lett 212:307–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00278-4
Barnard W, De Waal D (2006) Raman investigation of pigmentary molecules in the molluscan biogenic matrix. J Raman Spectrosc 37:342–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1461
Calvert SE, Cousens BL, Soon MYS (1985) An X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method for the determination of major and minor elements in ferromanganese nodules. Chem Geol 51:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90083-X
Cavazza W, Ingersoll RV (2005) Detritical modes of the Ionian Forearc Basin fill (Oligocene-Quaternary) reflect the tectonic evolution of the Calabria-Peloritani Terrane (Southern Italy). J Sediment Res 75:268–279. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.013
Dera G, Brigaud B, Monna F, Laffont R, Pucéat E, Deconinck JF, Pellenard P, Joachimski MM, Durlet C (2011) Climatic ups and downs in a disturbed Jurassic world. Geology 39:215–218. https://doi.org/10.1130/G31579.1
Dickinson WR, Rich EI (1972) Petrologic intervals and petrofacies in the great Velley Sequence, Sacramento valley, California. Geol Soc Am Bull 83(10):3007–3024. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3007:PIAPIT]2.0.CO;2
Do Campo M, Del Papa C, Nieto F, Hongn F, Petrinovic I (2010) Integrated analysis for constraining paleoclimatic and volcanic influences on clay-mineral assemblages in orogenic basins (Paleogene Andean foreland, Northwestern Argentina). Sediment Geol 228(3-4):98–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.04.002
Ferralis N, Matys ED, Knoll AH, Hallmann C, Summons RE (2016) Rapid, direct and non-destructive assessment of fossil organic matter via micro Raman spectroscopy. Carbon 108:440–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.07.039
Florek M, Youn HS, Ro CU, Wierzbowski H, Osán J, Kazimierczak W, Kuczumow A (2004) Investigation of chemical composition of belemnite rostra by synchrotron-based X-ray micro fluorescence and diffraction and electron microprobe. J Alloys Compd 362(1-2):99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00569-3
Gomez Peral LE, Raigemborn MS, Poire DG (2011) Petrologíay evolucion diagenetica de las facies silicoclasticas del Grupo Sierras Bayas, Sistema de Tandilia, Argentina. Lat Am J Sediment Basin Anal 18:3–41 https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/164
Hedegaard C, Bardeau JF, Chateigner D (2006) Molluscan shell pigments: an in situ Resonance Raman study. J Molluscan Stud 72:157–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyi062
Ingersoll RV (1983) Petrofacies and provenance of late Mesozoic Forearc Basin, northern and Central California. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull 67:1125–1142. https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5B713-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Jacob DE, Wirth R, Agbaje OBA, Branson O, Eggins SM (2017) Planktic foraminifera form their shells via metastable carbonate phases. Nat Commun 8:1265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00955-0
Karimi MA, Ranjbar M (2016) Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of CaCO3 nanostructure. Synth React Inorg Met-Org Nano Met-Chem 46:635–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2014.988817
Mackenzie RC, Rahman AA (1987) Interaction of kaolinite calcite on heating. I. Instrumental and procedural factors for one kaolinite in air and nitrogen. Thermochim Acta 121:51–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(87)80161-2
Madejova J (2003) FTIR techniques in clay mineral studies. Vib Spectrosc 31:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2031(02)00065-6
Mann S (2001) Biomineralization: principles and concepts in bioinorganic materials chemistry. Oxford University Press, London
Manoli F, Kanakis J, Malkaj P, Dalas E (2002) The effect of amino acid on the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. J Cryst Growth 236(1-3):363–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(01)02164-9
Marshall CP, Edwards HGM, Jehlicka J (2010) Understanding the application of Raman spectroscopy to the detection of traces of life. Astrobiology 10:229–243. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2009.0344
McArthur JM, Doyle P, Leng MJ, Reeves K, Williams CT, Garcia-Sanchez R, Howarth RJ (2007) Testing paleoenvironmental proxies in Jurassic belemnites: Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Na/Ca, δ18O and δ13C. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 252(3-4):464–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.006
Mitchum RM (1977) Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea-level part 11: glossary of terms used in seismic stratigraphy. In: Payton CE (ed), Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26:205–212. https://doi.org/10.1306/M26490C13
Nagendra R, Sathiyamoorthy P, Pattanayak S, Nallapa Reddy A, Jaiprakash BC (2013) Stratigraphy and paleobathymetric interpretation of the Cretaceous Karai shale formation of Uttatur Group, Tamil Nadu, India. Stratigr Geol Correl 21(7):675–688. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593813070046
Niu Z, Wei X, Qiang S, Wu H, Pan D, Wu W, Fan Q (2019) Spectroscopic studies on U(VI) incorporation into CaCO3: effects of aging time and U(VI) concentration. Chemosphere 220:1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.010
Nunn EV, Price GD (2010) Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian– Tithonian) stable isotopes (d18O, d13C) and Mg/Ca ratios: new paleoclimate data from Helmsdale, northeast Scotland. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 292:325–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.015
Olcott MA, Marshall CP (2014) Vibrational spectroscopy of fossils. Front Palaeontol 58(2):201–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12144
Price GD, Passey BH (2013) Dynamic polar climates in a greenhouse world: evidence from clumped isotope thermometry of Early Cretaceous belemnites. Geology 41:923–926. https://doi.org/10.1130/G34484.1
Price GD, Rogov MA (2009) An isotopic appraisal of the Late Jurassic greenhouse phase in the Russian Platform. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 273:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.11.011
Purnachandra Rao V, Kessarkar PM, Nagendra R, Babu EVSSK (2007) Origin of Cretaceous phosphorites from the onshore of Tamil Nadu, India. J Earth Syst Sci 116(6):525–536 https://opsias.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jess/116/06/0525-0536
Rama Rao L (1956) Recent contribution to our knowledge of the Cretaceous rocks of south India. Proc Indian Acad Sci Bull 44:185–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03052019
Rangaraju MK, Agarwal A, Prabhakar KN (1993) Tectno-stratigraphy, structural style, evolutionary model and hydrocarbon prospects of the Cauvery Palar Basins of India, vol. 1. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehradun, pp 371–398
Rexfort A, Mutterlose J (2006) Stable isotope records from Sepia officinalis—a key to understanding the ecology of belemnites? Earth Planet Sci Lett 247:212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.025
Rosales I, Quesada S, Robles S (2004) Paleotemperature variations of Early Jurassic seawater recorded in geochemical trends of belemnites from the Basque-Cantabrian basin, northern Spain. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 203:253–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00686-2
Russell JD (1987) Infrared methods: a handbook of determinative methods in clay mineralogy. Blackie and Sons, London
Saelen G (1989) Diagenesis and construction of the Belemnite rostrum. Paleontology 32:765
Shaltout AA, Allam MA, Moharram MA (2011) FTIR spectroscopic, thermal and XRD characterization of hydroxyapatite from new natural sources. Spectrochim Acta Part A 83(1):56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.036
Shyam C, Subrahmanyam C (2001) Subsidence and isostasy along a Sheared margin Cauvery Basin, Eastern continental margin of India. Geophys Res Lett 28(11):2273–2276. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012490
Stevens GR, Clayton RN (1971) Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance. NZ J Geol Geophys 14:829–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1971.10426336
Theodosoglou E, Koroneos A, Soldatos T, Zorba T, Paraskevopoulos K (2010) Comparative Fourier transform infrared and x-ray powder diffraction analysis of naturally occurred k-feldspars. Bull Geol Soc Greece 43(5):2752–2761. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11681
Ullmann CV, Campbell HJ, Frei R, Hesselbo SP, Pogge von Strandmann PAE, Korte C (2013a) Partial diagenetic overprint of Late Jurassic belemnites from New Zealand: implications for the preservation potential of d7Li values in calcite fossils. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 120:80–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.029
Ullmann CV, Hesselbo SP, Kort C (2013b) Tectonic forcing of early to middle Jurassic seawater Sr/Ca. Geology 41:1211–1214. https://doi.org/10.1130/G34817.1
Ullmann CV, Thibault N, Ruhl M, Hesselbo SP, Korte C (2014) Effect of a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event on belemnite ecology and evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111(28):10073–10076. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320156111
Ullmann CV, Frei R, Korte C, Hesselbo SP (2015) Chemical and isotopic architecture of the belemnite rostrum. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 159:231–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.034
Urey HC, Lowenstam HA, Epstein S, McKinney CR (1951) Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures of the Upper Cretaceous of England, Denmark, and the Southern United States. Geol Soc Am Bull 62:399–416. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[399:MOPATO]2.0.CO;2
Vail PR, Mitchum R, Thompson M (1977) Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 3: relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap. In: Clayton CE (ed), Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26, 63e81. Tulsa, Oklahoma
Varela AN, Gomez Peral LE, Richiano S, Poire DG (2013) Distinguishing similar volcanic source areas from an integrated provenance analysis: implications for foreland Andean basins. J Sediment Res 83:258–276. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.22
Veizer J (1974) Chemical diagenesis of belemnite shells and possible consequences for paleotemperature determinations. N Jahrb Geol Palaeont Abh 147:279–305
Watkinson P, Matthew P, Hart T, Malcolm B, Archana J (2007) Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy and the development of the Cauvery Basin, Southern India. Pet Geosci 13(2):181–191. https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079307-747
Wierzbowski H, Joachimski M (2007) Reconstruction of late Bajocian-Bathonian marine palaeoenvironments using carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of calcareous fossils from the Polish Jura Chain (central Poland). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 254:523–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.07.010
Wierzbowski H, Rogov M (2011) Reconstructing the paleoenvironment of the Middle Russian Sea during the Middle-Late Jurassic transition using stable isotope ratios of cephalopod shells and variations in faunal assemblages. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 299:250–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.006
Yuvarani S, Krishnakumar V, Ramkumar M (2009) FTIR spectra of natural crystals of low-temperature origin: implications on interpretation of paleoclimate modeling sediment diagenesis and hydrocarbon exploration. In: Rajendran (ed) Hyperspectral remote sensing and spectral signature application, New India, India, pp 263–275
Zakharov YD, Shigeta Y, Nagendra R, Safronov PP, Smyshlyaev OP, Popov AM, Velivetskaya TA, Afanasyeva TB (2011) Cretaceous climate oscillations in the southern palaeolatitudes: new stable isotope evidence from India and Madagascar. Cretac Res 32:623–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.04.007
Funding
The authors received financial support from the RUSA-Phase 2.0 grant from Alagappa University for sanctioned vide Letter. No. F. 24-51/2014-U, Policy (TNMulti-Gen, Dated. 09-10-2018), Department of Education, Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Venkatramanan Senapathi
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohan, N., Vasudevan, S., Ranganathan, P.C. et al. Geochemical and elemental characterization of rostrum and alveolus parts of Belemnite fossil from the Late Cretaceous formation, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J Geosci 14, 1905 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08272-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08272-z