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Spatial assessment of the vulnerability of water resources against anthropogenic pollution using the DKPR model: a case of Ghiss-Nekkour basin, Morocco

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Abstract

Assessing the degree of vulnerability of surface water intended for drinking water supply has become a major necessity in water resource management and decision-making; it allows to identify high-risk areas and provide all the necessary measures for its protection. Specialized analysis techniques using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing are increasingly being used to qualitatively assess this vulnerability. For his purpose, the aim of this study is to present the results of the application of the “DKPR” approach for evaluating of the degree of vulnerability that concerns water contamination of the Ghiss dam sub-watershed, a hydraulic structure under construction to ensure the supply of drinking water to the city of Al Hoceima and the surrounding centers, as well as the protection of the downstream area against floods generated during the Ghiss river floods. The latter drains agricultural plots, natural areas, uncultivated land, and rural settlements. The approach adopted involves four parameters: accessibility of the aquatic environment (D), soil and subsoil water functioning (K), watershed physiography (P), and rainfall erosivity (R). The final result is a map obtained by additionally combining the index maps of these four parameters. The overall vulnerability index obtained by this combination varies in a range of values from 0 to 4 and is divided into five classes of vulnerability ranging from “very low” to “very high.” The results achieved show that the Ghiss dam sub-watershed is dominated by the moderate vulnerability class. It occupies 59.63% of the total area of the sub-watershed studied.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this work would like to thank all the people who contributed directly or indirectly to its realization. More particularly, the authors are thinking of the managers and directors of the Loukkos River Basin Agency (Tetouan), as well as the managers and directors of the National Institute for Agronomic Research (Rabat), for their great collaboration and the provision of all the data sought.

This work is an extract from the current thesis entitled: Vulnerability of dam catchment basins and their exposure to risks. Case of the Ghiss-Nekkour coastal hydrological basin, an axis of the framework programme: Integrated management of coastal basins. Application case at the Ghiss-Nekkour basin level. Which thesis is being prepared by the PhD student S. Mansour. It is directed by professor Hinde Cherkaoui Dekkaki.

This project is not financed. It is supported by the Laboratory of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technique of Al Hoceima (FSTH), Abdelmalek Essaadi University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences, Research team - Applied Geosciences and Geological Engineering, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technique of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Al Hoceima, Morocco

    Soukaina Mansour, Taoufiq Kouz, Mohammed Thaiki, Abdellah Ouhadi, Taoufik Mourabit & Hinde Cherkaoui Dekkaki

  2. Agency of the Hydraulic Basin of Loukkos (ABHL), Tétouan, Morocco

    Hakim Mesmoudi

  3. Faculty of Science and Technique of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Al Hoceima, Morocco

    Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk

  4. Research Unit on Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources Regional Center of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco

    Houria Dakak

Authors
  1. Soukaina Mansour
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  2. Taoufiq Kouz
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  3. Mohammed Thaiki
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  4. Abdellah Ouhadi
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  5. Hakim Mesmoudi
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  6. Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk
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  7. Taoufik Mourabit
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  8. Houria Dakak
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  9. Hinde Cherkaoui Dekkaki
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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation: Soukaina Mansour; visualization, investigation: Taoufiq Kouz; visualization: Mohammed Thaiki; visualization: Abdellah Ouhadi; resources, survey: Hakim Mesmoudi; visualization: Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk; visualization: Taoufik Mourabit; resources, survey: Houria Dakak; project administration, supervision, writing—revision: Hinde Cherkaoui Dekkaki.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soukaina Mansour.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel

Resubmitted to Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021.

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Mansour, S., Kouz, T., Thaiki, M. et al. Spatial assessment of the vulnerability of water resources against anthropogenic pollution using the DKPR model: a case of Ghiss-Nekkour basin, Morocco. Arab J Geosci 14, 699 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06973-z

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