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Origin and control of grain-coating clays on the development of quartz overgrowths: example from the lower Paleozoic Barik Formation sandstones, Huqf region, Oman

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Abstract

Understanding the origin of grain-coating clays and its effects on the inhibition of cementation by quartz overgrowths plays a crucial role in porosity preservation versus destruction in deeply buried sandstones. This study aims to decipher the origin of grain-coating clays and their effect on the quartz overgrowth cementation of the mouth-bar/shoreface and tidal channel sandstones of the lower Paleozoic Barik Formation in the Huqf region of Central Oman. The study is based on petrographical and mineralogical investigations using the conventional optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a dispersed energy spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the grain-coating clays are predominantly mesogenetic-transformed illite and, to some extent, chlorite. The illitic clays occur as 2–5-μm-thick rims covering the entire detrital grain surface, as well as at grain-to-grain contacts. The illitic clays display honeycomb and cornflake textures with filamentous termination. The chloritic clays occur as 1–3-μm-thick rims, apparently covering the entire detrital grains and at grain-to-grain contact; they display honeycomb-like and platelet morphologies. Such textural morphologies demonstrate the development of illite and chlorite through a transformation process from smectitic clay precursors. The smectitic clay precursors are typically near-surface clay fractions that infiltrated mechanically into the mouth-bar/shoreface and tidal channel facies association sandstones through the tidal hydrodynamic pumps. The predominant occurrence of illite over chlorite is attributed to the availability of potassium ions that are sourced through the extensive dissolution of detrital potassium feldspar grains. The illitic and chloritic clay rims covering the entire detrital grains effectively inhibited the growth of quartz cement by limiting the nucleation sites on the detrital grains. This study may also serve as an analogue model for a similar depositional environment to better understand grain-coating clays’ origin and its role in controlling cementation by quartz overgrowths in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs globally.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by His Majesty Strategic Grant (SR/SCI/ETHS/15/01) for Sultan Qaboos University. Hamdan Al-Zidi, Bader Al Waili, Bader Al Shaqsi, Said Al-Abri, and Hilal Al-Zidi at the Department of Earth Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, are thanked for their logistical, software, and microscope-related issue support. The Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit (CAARU) at Sultan Qaboos University is thanked for the SEM, EDS, and XRD support. Ruslan Abylkhozhin and Yasin Alizade are acknowledged for their support and assistance in the field. Constructive feedback and inputs by the reviewers helped to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Postal Code 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

    Olga Shelukhina, Mohamed A.K. El-Ghali, Iftikhar Ahmed Abbasi & Mohamed Farfour

  2. Earth Sciences Research Center Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Postal Code 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

    Mohamed A.K. El-Ghali & Arshad Ali

  3. Department of Geology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Osman Salad Hersi

  4. Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Hezam Al-Awah

  5. Department of Geosciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

    Numair A. Siddiqui

  6. Shale Gas Research Group, Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Numair A. Siddiqui

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  1. Olga Shelukhina
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Correspondence to Mohamed A.K. El-Ghali.

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Shelukhina, O., El-Ghali, M.A., Abbasi, I.A. et al. Origin and control of grain-coating clays on the development of quartz overgrowths: example from the lower Paleozoic Barik Formation sandstones, Huqf region, Oman. Arab J Geosci 14, 210 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06541-5

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