Abstract
Landfilling is a convenient method to tackle waste problems, in developing as well as developed countries. Determining a minimally environmentally deleterious garbage dump site is a challenge considering that a bevy of socio-economic, environmental and legal parameters often exists in developing countries. Guwahati is a city in India that faces the hindrance of not having a suitable landfill site. The existing landfill site, Boragaon, does not fulfil the prescribed parameters listed by the Central Public Health Environment and Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The main objective of this study was to provide alternative sites in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area (GMA) using geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)–based analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. Seven criteria were considered in site selection. These were land use, slope, elevation and proximity to wetlands, rivers, roads and the airport. Results indicate that 7.5% of the area was most suitable, 22.8% highly suitable, 43.8%, 22.2% and 3.6% areas were of moderate, low and least suitability respectively. On the basis of the area covered by each location, 5 landfill sites were identified to potentially relocate the existing site. The study highlights the problem of waste management in low- and middle-income cities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdoli MA (1993) Municipal Solid waste management system and its control methods. Metropolitan recyclying organization publication 142-154.
Abediniangerabi B, Kamalirad S (2016) Landfill sitting using MCDA in Tehran Metropolitan. J Urban Environ Eng 10:11–24. https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.11-24
Achillas C, Moussiopoulos N, Karagiannidis A, Banias G, Perkoulidis G (2013) The use of multi-criteria decision analysis to tackle waste management problems: a literature review. Waste Manag Res 31:115–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x12470203
Aderoju OM, Dias GA, Gonçalves AJ (2020) A GIS-based analysis for sanitary landfill sites in Abuja, Nigeria. Environ Dev Sustain 22:551–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0206-z
Afzali A, Samani JMV, Rashid M (2011) Municipal landfill site selection for Isfahan city by use of Fuzzy Logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Iran Jl Environ Health Sci Eng 8:273–284 https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/ 310
Agrawal R, Srivastava AK, Nigam AK (2020) Landfill site selection in India using analytic hierarchy and geographic information Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Waste and Resource Management 173: 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.18.00026
Akbari V, Rajabi MA, Chavoshi SH, Shams R (2008) Landfill site selection by combining GIS and fuzzy multi criteria decision analysis, case study: Bandar Abbas, Iran. World Appl Sci 3:39–47 https://scinapse.io/papers/2188032869
Alavi N, Goudarzi G, Babaei AAB, Jaafarzadeh N, Hosseinzadeh M (2012) Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: a case study in Mahshahr County, Iran. Waste Manag Res 31:98–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X12456092
Al-hanbali A, Alsaaideh B, Kiondoh A (2011) Using GIS-based weighted linear combination analysis and remote sensing techniques to select optimum solid waste disposal sites within Mafraq City, Jordan. J Geogr Inf Syst 3:267–278. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.34023
Allen A, Brito G, Caetano P, Costa C, Cummins V, Donnelly J, Fernandes C, Koukoulas S, O’Donnell V, Robalo C, Vendas D (2001) The development of a GIS model for the location of landfill sites in Ireland and Portugal. Final Report Interreg 2C Atlantic Region, EA-B1IRE-No.2.15, 193, Cork.
Antonopoulos IS, Perkoulidis G, Logothetis D, Karkanias C (2014) Ranking municipal solid waste treatment alternatives considering sustainability criteria using the analytical hierarchical process tool. Resour Conserv Recycl 86:149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.002
Asefi H, Zhang Y, Lim S, Maghrebi M (2020) An integrated approach to suitability assessment of municipal solid waste landfills in New South Wales, Australia. Australas J Environ Manag 27:63–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1719438
Audit Report (Civil) (2011) Performance audit of public private partnership (PPP) in solid waste management (SWM) in Guwahati. Guwahati Development Department, Guwahati.http://iced.cag.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/7.-P A-of-PPP-in-SWM-in-GuwahatiAssam.pdf
Babu SS, Sivasankar S (2015) Identification of suitable landfill site for Thirumangalam Municipality, India- a GIS and remote sensing based approach. Afr J Sci Res 4:01–04
Boroushaki S, Malczewski J (2010) Measuring consensus for collaborative decision-making: GIS-based approach. Comput. Environ. Urban Systems 34:322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.02.006
Brent AC, Rogers DEC, Ramabitsa-Siimane TSM, Rohwer MB (2007) Application of the analytical hierarchy process to establish health care waste management systems that minimise infection risks in developing countries. Eur J Oper Res 181:403–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.06.015
Chabuk AJ, Al-Ansari N, Hussain HM, Knutsson S Pusch R (2017) GIS-based assessment of combined AHP and SAW methods for selecting suitable sites for landfill in Al-Musayiab Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq. Environ Earth Sci 76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6524-x
Chamchali MM, Tafreshi AM, Tafreshi GM (2019) Utilizing GIS linked to AHP for landfill site selection in Rudbar County of Iran. GeoJournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10064-8
Chang C, Wu C, Lin C, Lin H (2007) Evaluating digital video recorder systems using analytic hierarchy and analytic network processes. Inf Sci 177:3383–3396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.02.010
Clark RM, Gillean J (1974) Systems analysis and solid waste planning. J Environ Eng Div 7 https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0021638
CPCB (2008) Guidelines and Check-list for evaluation of MSW Landfills proposals with Information on existing landfills, Ministry of Environment Forests. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi
CPHEEO (2016a) Municipal solid waste management manual, part I: an overview, Swachh Bharat Mission, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi.http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/MSW-REPORTpdf
CPHEEO (2016b) Municipal solid waste management manual, part II: manual, Swachh Bharat Mission, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi. http://cpheeo.gov.in/cms/manual-on-municipal-solid-waste-management-2016.php
CPHEEO (2016c) Municipal solid waste management manual, part I: the compendium, Swachh Bharat Mission, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi. http://cpheeo.gov.in/cms/manual-on-municipal-solid-waste-management-2016.php
Daneshvar R (2004) Customizing ArcMap interface to generate a user- friendly landfill site selection GIS tool. J Solid Waste Technol Manag 31:1–12. https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-18393
Demesouka OE, Vavatsiko AP, Anagnostopoulos KP (2013) Suitability analysis for siting MSW landfills and its multicriteria spatial decision support system: method, implementation and case study. Waste Manag 33:1190–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.030
Devi N (2008) Landform dynamics in greater Guwahati area (Assam): a study in environmental geomorphology, PhD diss (unpubl.), Gauhati University, Guwahati.http://hdl.handle.net/10603/32541
Eghtesadifard M, Afkhami P, Bazyar A (2020) An integrated approach to the selection of municipal solid waste landfills through GIS, K-Means and multi-criteria decision analysis. Environ Res 185:109348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109348
Erkut E, Moran SR (1991) Locating obnoxious facilities in the public sector: an application of the hierarchy process to municipal landfill siting decisions. Socio Econ Plan Sci 25:89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(91)90007-e
Final Draft Report (2015) Delineation of new Guwahati Metropolitan region and review and revision of master plan, volume I: existing situation and analysis. Guwahati Municipal Development Authority (GMDA), Guwahati
Gbanie SP, Tengbe PB, Momohb JS, Medo J, Kabba VTS (2013) Modelling landfill location using geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA): case study Bo, Southern Sierra Leone. Appl Geogr 36:3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.013
Gogoi L (2013) Municipal solid waste disposal: a case study in Guwahati city to mitigate the man-made disaster. IOSR J Human Soc Sci 9:55–60. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-0935560
Gunko M, Medvedev A (2016) Seasonal suburbanization in Moscow oblast: challenges of household waste management. Geogr Pol 89:473–484. https://doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0069
Halahla AM, Akhtar M, Almasri AH (2019) Utilization of demolished waste as coarse aggregate in concrete. Civ Eng J 5:540–551. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091266
Jain K, Subbaiah YV (2007) Site suitability analysis for urban development using GIS. J Appl Sci 7:2576–2583. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.2576.2583
Kao JJ (1996) A raster-based C program for siting a landfill with optimal compactness. Comput Geosci 22:837–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(96)00022-2
Kaoje IU, Dankani IM, Ibrahim I (2016) Site suitability analysis for municipal solid waste disposal in Birnim Kebbi, Nigeria. J Humanit Soc Sci 21:01–10. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-02107030110
Karthiheyan PN, Yeshodha L (2016) Site selection for urban solid waste disposal using remote sensing and open source GIS In Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu. Int J Innov Res Sci Technol 2:233–239 http://www.ijirst.org/articles/IJIRSTV2I10079.pdf
Keeney RL, Raiffa H (1976) Decisions with multiple objectives: preferences and value trade-offs. Wiley, New York. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174084
Khan D, Samadder SR (2014) Municipal solid waste management using Geographical Information System aided methods: a mini review. Waste Manag Res 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x14554644
Khan M, Vaezi M, Kumar A (2018) Optimal siting of solid waste-to-value-added facilities through a GIS-based assessment. Sci Total Environ 610–611:1065–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.169
Kontos TD, Komilis DP, Halvadakis CP (2003) Siting MSW landfills in Lesvos Island with a GIS-based methodology. Waste Manag Res 21(3):262–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x0302100310
Koulouri M, Giourga C (2007) Land abandonment and slope gradient as key factors of soil erosion in Mediterranean terraced lands. Catena 69:274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.07.001
Leao S, Bishop I, Evans D (2004) Spatial-temporal model for demand and allocation of waste landfills in growing urban regions. Comput Environ Urban Syst 28:353–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0198-9715(03)00043-7
Lin HY, Kao JJ (1999) Enhanced spatial model for landfill siting analysis. J Environ Eng 125:845–851. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:9(845)
Mahini AS, Gholamalifard M (2006) Siting MSW landfills with a weighted linear combination methodology in a GIS environment. Int J Environ Sci Technol 3:435–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03325953
Mahmood K, Batool SA, Chaudhary MN, Ul-Haq Z (2017) Ranking criteria for assessment of municipal solid waste dumping sites. Arch Environ Prot 43:95–105. https://doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0009
Malczewski J (1997) Propagation of errors in multicriteria location analysis: a case study. In: Fandel G, Gal T (Eds.) Multiple criteria decision making, Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems Springer:Berlin/Heidelberg. 154-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59132-7_17
Memarbashi E, Azadi H, Barati AK, Mohajeri F, Passel SV, Witlox F (2017) Land-use suitability in Northeast Iran: application of AHP-GIS hybrid model. ISPRS Int Jl Geo-Informatics 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6120396
Mipun BS, Hazarika R, Mondal M, Mukhopadhyay S (2015) Solid waste management in Greater Shillong Planning Area (GSPA) using spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for site suitability assessment. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci XL-7/W3, 657–662. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-657-2015
Moeinaddini M, Khorasani N, Danehkar A, Darvishsefat AA, Zienalyan M (2010) Siting MSW landfill using weighted linear combination and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology in GIS environment (case study: Karaj). Waste Manag 30:912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.015
Monavvari SM, Hoasami P, Tajziehchi S, Khorramichokami N (2012) Study of solid waste landfill suitability using regional screening method and AHP in Rasht City. Int Jl Engine Phys Sci 6:2–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1071740
Morrisseya AJ, Browne J (2004) Waste management models and their application to sustainable waste management. Waste Manag 24:297–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.09.005
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules revised (2016) Ministry of Environment and Forests. Government of India, New Delhi
Nair MM, Kumari P, Garg V (2010) Solid waste disposal management system using GIS Geospatial World, https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/solid-waste-disposal-management-system-using-gis/ Accessed 23 August 2018.
Nigusse AGM, Adhaneom UG, Kahsay GH, Abrha AM, Gebre DN, Weldearegay AG (2020) GIS application for urban domestic wastewater treatment site selection in the Northern Ethiopia, Tigray Regional State: a case study in Mekelle City. Arab J Geosci 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-5257-4
Omoloso O, Wise WR, Mortimer K, Jraisat L (2020) Corporate sustainability disclosure: a leather industry perspective. Emerg Sci J 4:44–51. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01209
Oteng-Ababio M (2011) Missing links in solid waste management in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Geo Journal 76:551–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-010-9363-9
Özkan B, Özceylan E, Sarıçiçek İ (2019) GIS-based MCDM modeling for landfill site suitability analysis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:30711–30730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06298-1
Palomar AAU, Sundo MB, Velasco PP, Camus DRD (2019) End-of-pipe waste analysis and integrated solid waste management plan. Civ Eng J 5:1970–1982. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091386
PCB, Assam (2013) Conservation of River Bharalu. Guwahati detailed project report, Government of Assam, Guwahati
Planning Commission (2008) Report on visit to Deepor Beel in Assam – a wetland included under National Wetland Conservation and Management Programme of the Ministry of Environment Forests, Ministry of Environment and Forests. Government of India, New Delhi. https://pcbassam.org/rlcc/Bharalu%20DPR_DRAFT_30DEC2013.pdf
Rahman MM, Sultana KR, Hoque MA (2008) Suitable sites for urban solid waste disposal using GIS approach in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Proc Pakistan Acad Sci 45:11–22 https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK200900 1080
Rana R, Ganguly R, Gupta AK (2017) Evaluation of solid waste management in satellite towns of Mohali and Panchkula. J Solid Waste Technol Manag 43:280–294. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM2017.280
Rezaeisabzevar Y, Bazargan A, Zohourian B (2020) Landfill site selection using multi criteria decision making: focus on influential factors for comparing locations. J Environ Sci 93:170–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.030
Richter A, Ng KTW, Karimi N (2019) A data driven technique applying GIS, and remote sensing to rank locations for waste disposal site expansion. Resour Conserv Recycl 149:352–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.06.013
Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill, New York
Saikia A (2005) Disaster unpreparedness in Assam. Econ Polit Wkly 40:2389–2391. https://doi.org/10.2307/4416739
Salemi M, Hejazi R (2017) A GIS- based suitability analysis for siting a solid waste in an urban area. Int J Hum Capital Urban Manage 2:57–68. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijhcum.2017.02.01.006
Samah MAA, Manaf LA, Aris AZ, Sumaiman WNA (2011) Solid waste management: analytical hierarchy process (AHP) application of selecting treatment technology in Sepang Municipal Council, Malaysia. Current World. Environment 6:1–16. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.6.1.01
Sener S, Sener E, Nas B (2011) Selection of landfill site using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis for Beysehir Lake Catchment Area Konya. Turkey Jl Eng Sci 1:134–144 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0050/f06ad2a2b0b2645d3190b8f2dd4acb0e4d5e.pdf
Shah SA, Musvi SHA, Tameez A, Alam M, Nawaz A (2019) Analyzing site suitability for solid waste disposal through GIS multi-criteria decision making hierarchy process. 3C. Technologia 28:66–80. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2019.specialissue.07
Sharma A, Ganguly R, Gupta AK (2018) Matrix method for evaluation of existing solid waste management system in Himachal Pradesh, India. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 20:1813–1831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0703-z
Siddiqui MZ, Everett JW, Vieux BE (1996) Landfill siting using geographic information systems: a demonstration. J Environ Eng 122:515–523. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1996)122:6(515)
Sisay G, Gebre SL, Getahun K (2020) GIS-based potential landfill site selection using MCDM-AHP modeling of Gondar Town, Ethiopia. Afr Geogr Rev:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2020.1770105
Soltani A, Hewage K, Reza B, Sadiq R (2015) Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of municipal solid waste management: a review. Waste Manag 35:318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.010
Sotamenou J (2019) Selection of the best solid waste management Yaounde using an analytical hierarchy process. Adv Environ Waste Manag Recycling 2:1–9. https://doi.org/10.33140/aewmr.02.01.02
Spigolon LMG, Giannotti M, Larocca AP, Russo MAT, da C Souza N (2018) Landfill siting based on optimisation, multiple decision analysis, and geographic information system analysis. Waste Manag Res 36:606–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X18773538.
Sumathi V, Natesan U, Sarkar C (2008) GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfill. Waste Manag 28:2146–2160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.032
Sumiani Y, Onn CC, Din M, Wanjaafar WZ (2009) Environmental planning strategies for optimum solid waste landfill siting. Sains Malaysiana 38(4):457–462
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). The World’s Cities in 2018—Data Booklet (ST/ESA/ SER.A/417).
World Bank (2012) What a waste: a global review of solid waste management. Urban Development Local Government Unit, Washington DC https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17388
Yazdani M, Monavari SM, Omrani GA, Shariat M, Hosseini SM (2017) A comparative evaluation of municipal solid waste landfill sites in Northern Iran. Appl Ecol Environ Res 15:91–110. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_091110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hazarika, R., Saikia, A. Landfill site suitability analysis using AHP for solid waste management in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area, India. Arab J Geosci 13, 1148 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06156-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06156-2