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Evaluation of urban heat island effect in Turkey

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A Correction to this article was published on 18 October 2018

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Abstract

Recently, the rate of urbanisation has accelerated due to increasing population density which causes unexpected environmental disturbances and problems. One of the major problems encountered to date is the change in the land use/cover (LULC) structure. Increasing the impervious surface cover has changed microclimatic properties of urbanised areas by altering their thermal characteristics. One of the most important problems facing urban planning today is the phenomena known as the urban heat island (UHI), which is largely due to the changing the character of LULC. In this study, to create a national picture of the UHI structure in Turkey, seven cities, namely Istanbul, Bursa, Ankara, Izmir, Gaziantep, Erzurum and Trabzon, each located in different climatic regions of Turkey, were investigated. The Gaussian fitting technique was applied to characterise the UHI effect in the seven cities in the study. An original contribution of the current study was that the rural reference temperature surface was automatically determined by a proposed algorithm including the automatic masking of input data, as well as the application of iterative Gaussian low-pass filtering during the fitting procedure. Within this context, the daytime and nighttime surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect was modelled and temporally analysed from 1984 to 2011 for all the sub-regions using remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, atmospheric UHI was also investigated using the mobile transect method. The findings from this study suggest that UHI is a major environmental problem in urbanised areas, both atmospheric UHI and SUHI were detected in all cities in the study area, and this problem was found to have rapidly increased from 1984 to 2011. Finally, as inferred from the multiple regression results, it can be concluded that the UHI problem in Turkey might have resulted from the altered LULC structure, as well as anthropogenic pressure on and interference in city planning geometries.

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  • 18 October 2018

    The online version of the article contains figure and caption errors. Given in this article is the correct and final version of Figs. 3 and 6.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) through the project numbered 112Y038. The authors are also grateful to the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) for providing the Landsat TM satellite data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geomatics, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Mustafa Dihkan & Fevzi Karsli

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Nilgun Guneroglu

  3. Department of Ecology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61600, Trabzon, Surmene, Turkey

    Abdulaziz Guneroglu

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  1. Mustafa Dihkan
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  2. Fevzi Karsli
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  3. Nilgun Guneroglu
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  4. Abdulaziz Guneroglu
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Correspondence to Mustafa Dihkan.

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Dihkan, M., Karsli, F., Guneroglu, N. et al. Evaluation of urban heat island effect in Turkey. Arab J Geosci 11, 186 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3533-3

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