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Review of water and soil contamination in and around Salihli geothermal field (Manisa, Turkey)

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Abstract

The town of Salihli is situated in Gediz Graben in the western Anatolia. This region is important in terms of industry, mining, geothermal energy, water sources, and agricultural production. Geothermal flow and anthropogenic activities in Salihli threaten the surrounding environment due to the contamination of cold groundwater, surface water, and soil. The goal of the present study is to determine the environmental effects of the geothermal and anthropogenic activities in Salihli on soil, stream sediments, and water. Stream sediments and farm soil have been contaminated by substances derived from geothermal and industrial effluents. To this end, the quality review of the water was completed and the heavy metal levels in stream sediment samples were measured to determine the extent of contamination. The elements As, B, Br, Fe, and Ni are the major contaminants present in surface water and groundwater in the study area. The concentrations of these elements excess tolerance limits of international water standards. Gibbsite, K-mica, kaolinite, sepiolite, halite, sulfur, willemite, and Pb(OH)2 might be precipitated as scales at low temperatures on the soil; this could be interpreted as a resultant from soil contamination. The concentrations of 17 elements (As, Ba, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn) were measured in samples from stream sediments and surface soils. In the study area, especially geothermal and anthropogenic activities give rise to environmental pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the Dokuz Eylül University Research Fund for financial support. We also thank Kerem Kadir OĞUZ (Geological Engineering in Salihli Municipality) for their help during the field study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Laboratories, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey

    Tuğbanur Özen Balaban

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Ali Bülbül

  3. Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey

    Gültekin Tarcan

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  1. Tuğbanur Özen Balaban
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  2. Ali Bülbül
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  3. Gültekin Tarcan
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Correspondence to Tuğbanur Özen Balaban.

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Balaban, T.Ö., Bülbül, A. & Tarcan, G. Review of water and soil contamination in and around Salihli geothermal field (Manisa, Turkey). Arab J Geosci 10, 523 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3299-z

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