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Petrographic and geochemical features of the dolostones at the Gölboğazı Formation (Upper Devonian), Southwest Konya, Turkey

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Abstract

This paper describes the occurrence of dolostone and the mechanism of dolomitization of the Upper Devonian Gölboğazı Formation in the allochthonous Taurus Mountains Aladağ unit in Turkey. The Upper Devonian Gölboğazı Formation carbonates, with dominant ostracod-bearing mudstone and wackestone, formed tidal and subtidal environments, and some of these rocks were dolomitized from shallow to deep burial. On the basis of the field, the petrographic and geochemical features, four different replaceable and cement dolostone phases have been recognized. The replacive dolostones contain (1) very fine to fine crystalline planar-s dolostone (df1), (2) medium to coarse crystalline planar-s to planar-e dolostone (df2), (3) coarse to very coarse crystalline non-planar-a dolostone (df3), and (4) coarse to very coarse crystalline planar dolostone cement (df4). The replacive dolostones are disordered to moderate the ordered and calcium-rich. They are non-stoichiometric and have 46–59 mol% CaCO3 and 41–54 mol% MgCO3 total contents. The df1 dolostones have MgCO3 contents of 41–54 mol%, the df2 dolostones have 41–53 mol%, the df3 dolostones have 49 mol%, and the df4 dolostones have 49–50 mol%, respectively. The Gölboğazı dolostones have δ18O values of −9.44 to −2.20‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) and δ13C values of −1.58 to +2.52 VPDB. Sr, Na, Mn, and Fe concentrations of replacive dolostones are 74–184, 148–593, below detection level (bdl)–619, and 1049–9233 ppm, respectively. The petrographic and geochemical data demonstrate that the replacive dolostones occurred prior to the chemical compaction at shallow to intermediate burial depths from Late Devonian seawater and/or seawater lightly modified by water–rock interaction process and later recrystallized by basinal brines at increasing burial depths and temperature. The North American Shale Composite-normalized rare earth element values of both limestone and dolostone show very similar rare earth element patterns characterized by slightly or considerably negative cerium (Ce) anomalies and a clear depletion in all rare earth element species. The dedolomitization observed in the Gölboğazı Formation is thought to occur by the oxidizing effect of the meteoric water in the shallow burial environment during the telodiagenesis.

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Acknowledgements

The research was funded by Selcuk University Scientific Research Fund (BAP) as part of Project 10201082. We thank the Research Fund of Selcuk University. In addition, comments and suggestions from the reviewers M. Ziya Karadeniz Tecnical University (KIRMACI) and Beatriz Garcia-Fresca (Senior Research Geologist, Statoil, Austin, Texas) are greatly appreciated and helped to improve the manuscript. Further, we thank Abdullah M. Al-Amri, Editor-in-Chief at Arabian Journal of Geosciences for his contribution to printing.

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  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Selcuk University, 42079, Konya, Turkey

    Ali Müjdat Özkan

  2. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Emre Biçer

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Özkan, A.M., Biçer, E. Petrographic and geochemical features of the dolostones at the Gölboğazı Formation (Upper Devonian), Southwest Konya, Turkey. Arab J Geosci 10, 303 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3087-9

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