Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Application of spectral analysis to discriminate hydrothermal alteration zones at Daralu copper deposit, SE Iran

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this research is discrimination of the hydrothermal alterations related to copper mineralization in the Daralu deposit, which is located in the south of Kerman, SE Iran. The rocks of the surrounding area consist of Eocene volcanics and Oligocene–Miocene intrusive bodies. The main mineralization has occurred in a granodiorite porphyry intrusion and to some extent in the nearby volcanic and pyroclastic rocks. Some methods such as band ratio, principal component analysis (PCA), and supervised classification methods like spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral feature fitting (SFF), and linear spectral unmixing (LSU) were carried out on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite images in order to detect propylitic, phyllic, and argillic alterations. In addition, potassic alteration was studied by LSU using region of interest (ROI) method for resampling on the basis of the field studies. LSU procedure displayed the best matching with the reality in comparison with the field observations at the Daralu deposit. Two major fault systems with NW-SE and NE-SW trends were determined by remote sensing using linear enhance and sharpen filter by visible near-infrared (VNIR) in ASTER bands. Propylitic, argillic, and phyllic alterations show the same directions with the major faults of the area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrams MJ, Brown D (1984) Silver Bell, Arizona, porphyry copper test site report Tulsa, Oklahoma. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists the Joint NASA–Geosat Test Case Project Final Report Chapter 4:4–73

  • Abrams J, Brown D, Lepley L, Sadowaski R (1983) Remote sensing for porphyry copper deposits in Southern Arizona. Econ Geol 78(4):591–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams M, Hook S, Ramachandran B (2004) ASTER User Handbook. V2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of TechnologyOnline http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/content/03_data/04_Documents/aster_guide_v2.pdf2004

  • Al Rawashdeh S, Saleh B, Hamzah M (2006) The use of remote sensing technology in geological investigation and ineral detection in El Azraq-Jordan. Cybergeo Eur J Geogr 358

  • Alavi M (1980) Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Zagros- Sides of Iran. Geology 8:144–149. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<144:TEOTZO>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amer R, Kusky T, Ghulam A (2010) Lithological mapping in the central eastern desert of Egypt using ASTER data. J Afr Earth Sci 56:75–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arian M, Alizadeh H, Noroozpour H (2011) Satellite geometry of faults and fractures and its relationship with porphyry deposits in northern parts of Dahaj- Sarduiyeh belt, south of Iran. Indian J Sci Technol 4:10

    Google Scholar 

  • Azizi H, Tarverdi M, Akbarpour A (2010) Extraction of hydrothermal alterations from ASTER SWIR data from east Zanjan, northern Iran. Adv Space Res 46:99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazin D, Hübner H (1969) Copper deposits in Iran. Geol Surv Iran 13:232

    Google Scholar 

  • Beane RE, Titley SR (1981) Porphyry copper deposits, Part II. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Econ Geol 75:235–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Beiranvandpour A, Hashim M (2011) Application of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data in geological mapping. Int J Phys Sci 6(33):7657–7668

    Google Scholar 

  • Beiranvandpour A, Hashim M (2012a) Identifying areas of high economic-potential copper mineralization using ASTER data in the Urumieh–Dokhtar Volcanic Belt, Iran. Adv Space Res 49:753–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beiranvandpour A, Hashim M (2012b) The application of ASTER remote sensing data to porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits. Ore Geol Rev 44:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beiranvandpour A, Hashim M (2014) ALI and Hyperion sensors data for lithological mapping and ore minerals exploration. Springerplus. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-130

    Google Scholar 

  • Beiranvandpour A, Hashim M, Marghany M (2011) Using spectral mapping techniques on short wave infrared bands of ASTER remote sensing data for alteration mineralmapping in SE Iran. Int J Phys Sci 6:917–929

    Google Scholar 

  • Berberian F, Muir ID, Pankurst RJ, Berberian M (1982) Late cretaceous and early Miocene Andean-type plu- tonic activity in northern Makran and central Iran. J Geol Soc Lond 139(5):605–614. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.139.5.0605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boardman JW, Kruse FA (1994) Automated spectral analysis, a geological example using AVIRIS data, north Grapevine Mountains, Nevada. In: Proceedings, ERIM Tenth Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing. Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, pp I-407–I-418

  • Bouzari F, Clark AH (2006) Prograde evolution and geothermal affinities of a major porphyry copper deposit: the Cerro Colorado hypogene protore, I Región, northern Chile. Econ Geol 101:95–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciampalini A, Garfagnoli F, Antonielli B, Moretti S, Righini G (2013) Remote sensing techniques using Landsat ETM+ applied to the detection of iron ore deposits in Western Africa. Arab J Geosci 6:4529–4546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RN, King TVV, Klejwa M, Swayze GA (1990) High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals. J Geophys 95:12653–12680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RN, Swayze GA, Gallagher A, King TVV, Calvin WM (1993) The US Geological Survey, Digital Spectral Library: Version 1:0.2 to 3.0 Microns: US Geo- logical Survey, Open File Report 93–592: 1340. http://speclab.cr.usgs.usgs.gov

  • Company Robb LJ (2005) Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes. Blackwell 239

  • Crosta A, De Souza FC, Azevedo F, Brodie C (2003) Targeting key alteration minerals in epithermal deposits in Patagonia, Argentina, using ASTER imagery and principal component analysis. Int J Remote Sens 24:4233–4240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley JK, Vergo N (1988) Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin group minerals: use in clay mineral studies. Clays Clay Miner 36:310–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton JB, Bove DJ, Mladinich CS, Rockwell BW (2004) Identification of spectrally similar materials using the USGS Tetracorder algorithm, the calcite–epidot–chlorite problem. Remote Sens Environ 89:455–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dehnavi AG, Sarikhani R, Nagaraju D (2010) Image processing and analysis of mapping alteration zones in environmental research, East of Kurdistan, Iran. World Appl Sci J 11:278–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilles JH, Einaudi MT (1992) Wall-rock alteration and hydrothermal flow paths about the Ann-Mason porphyry copper deposit, Nevadavertical reconstruction. Econ Geol 87:1963–2001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dogan HM (2008) Applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems to assess ferrous minerals and iron oxide of Tokat province in Turkey. Int J Remote Sens 29:221–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dogan HM (2009) Mineral composite assessment of Kelkit River basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing. J Earth Syst Sci 118:701–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsayed Zeinelabdein K, Albiely A (2008) Ratio image processing techniques, a prospecting tool for mineral deposits, Red Sea Hills, NE Sudan. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci 37:1295–1298

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari M (1992) Improved decorrelation stretching of TM data for geological applications, first results in Northern Somalia. Int J Remote Sens 13:841–851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabr S, Ghulam A, Kusky T (2010) Detecting areas of high-potential gold mineralization using ASTER data. Or Geol 38:59–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gad S, Kusky T (2007) ASTER spectral ratioing for lithologicalmapping in the Arabian–Nubian shield, the Neoproterozoic Wadi Kid area, Sinai, Egypt. Gondwana Res 11:326–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galvao LS, Filho RA, Vitorello I (2005) Use of ASTER short-wave infrared bands for the spectral discrimination of hydrothermally altered-materials: evaluation in a tropical savannah environment. Anais XII Simposio Brasileiro de Ensoriamento Remote, Goiania, Brazil. INPE, pp 1783–1787

  • Galvão LS, Almeida Filho R, Vitorello I, Epiphanio JCN, Fonseca LMG (2005) Use of ASTER short-wave infrared bands for the spectral discrimination of hydrothermally altered-materials: evaluation in a tropical savannah environment. Simpósio Bras Sensoriamento Remoto 12(SBSR):1783–1788

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemi Dehnavi A, Sarikhani R, Nagaraju D (2010) Image processing and analysis of mapping alteration zones in environmental research, east of Kurdistan, Iran. World Appl Sci J 11:278–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetz AFH, Rock BN, Rown LC (1983) Remote sensing exploration an overview. Econ Geol 78:573–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GSI (1973) Exploration for ore deposits in Kerman region. Geological Survey of Yu/53: 190–191

  • Hartley AJ, Rice CM (2005) Controls on supergene enrichment of porphyry copper deposits in the Central Andes-A review and discussion. Mineral Deposita 40:515–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedenquist JW, Richards JP (1998) The influence of geochemical techniques on the development of genetic models for porphyry copper deposits. Econ Geol 10:235–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenquist JW, Arribas A Jr, Reynolds TJ (1998) Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system: Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines. Econ Geol 93:373–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holliday JR, Cooke DR (2007) Advances in geological models and exploration methods for copper ± gold porphyry deposits. In: Milkereit B (ed) Proceedings of exploration 07: fifth decennial international conference on mineral exploration. Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, Toronto, pp 791–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Honarmand M, Ranjbar H, Moezifar Z (2004) Integration and analysis of airborne geophysics, remote sensing and geochemical data of Sar Cheshmah area, using directed principal component analysis. Explor Min Geol 11(1–4):43–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Honarmand M, Ranjbar H, Shahabpour J (2011) Application of Spectral Analysis in Mapping Hydrothermal Alteration of the Northwestern Part of the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc, Iran. J Sci Islamic Repub Iran 22(3):221–238. http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir University of Tehran, ISSN 1016–1104

  • Hosseinjani M, Tangestani MH (2011) Mapping alteration minerals using sub-pixel unmixing of ASTER data in the Sarduiyeh area, SE Kerman, Iran. Int J Digital Earth 1:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard BE, Crowley JK (2005) Mineral mapping on the Chilean-Bolivian Altiplano using co-orbital ALI, ASTER and Hyperion imagery: data dimensionality issues and solutions. Remote Sens Environ 99(1):173–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt GR (1977) Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near infrared. Geophysics 42:501–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt GR, Ashley P (1979) Spectra of altered rocks in the visible and near infrared. Econ Geol 74:1613–1629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenea N (1996) Principal component analyses for lithologic and alteration mapping: examples from the Red Sea Hills, Sudan. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens 31:271–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenea N (1997) Improved geological mapping using Landsat TM data, Southern Red Sea Hills, Sudan: PC and IHS decorrelation stretching. Int J Remote Sens 18:1233–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse FA, Lefkoff AB, Boardman JB, Heidebrecht KB, Shapiro AT, Barloon PJ, Goetz AFH (1993) The Spectral Image Processing System (SIPS) - interactive visualization and analysis of imaging spectrometer data. Remote Sens Environ 44:145–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse FA, Boardman J, Huntington JF (2003) Comparison of airborne hyperspectral data and EO-1 Hyperion for mineral mapping. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 41:1388–1400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang JR, Stanley CR, Thompson JFH (1995) Porphyry copper-gold deposits related to alkalic igneous rocks in the Triassic-Jurassic arc terranes of British Columbia: Arizona Geological Society Digest 20:219–236

  • Livo KE, Clarck RN, Knepper DH (1993) Spectral plot program for accessing the USGS digital spectral library database with MS-DOS personal computers. USGS Open File Denver, Colorado, pp 3–593

  • Lowell J, Guilbert J (1970) Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits. Econ Geol 65:373–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madani AA (2009) Utilization of Landsat ETM+ data for mapping gossans and iron rich zones exposed at Bahrah area, Western Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. Earth Sci 20:35–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoodi M, Bahroudi A, Ghorbani M, Arian M (2013) Preliminary exploration of copper minerals in jebal Barez mountains, Iran. Open J Geol 3:3

    Google Scholar 

  • Mars JC, Rowan LC (2006) Regional mapping of phyllic- and argillic-altered rocks in the Zagros magmatic arc, Iran, using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and logical operator algorithms. Geosphere 2:161–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meer FD, Werff HMA, Ruitenbeek FJA, Hecker CA, Bakker WH, Noomen MF, Meijde M, Carranza EJ, Smeth JB, Woldai T (2012) Multi- and hyperspectral geologic remote sensing. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 14:112–128

  • Meyer C, Hemley JJ (1967) Wall rock alteration. In: Barnes HL (ed) Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp 166–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghtaderi A, Moore F, Mohammadzadeh A (2007) The application of advanced space-borne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data in the detection of alteration in the Chadormalu paleocrater, Bafq region, Central Iran. J Asian Earth Sci 30:238–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NICICO (2009) Geological-Alteration Map of Daralu. National Iranian Copper Industries

  • Ninomiya YFB, Cudahy TJ (2005) Detecting lithology with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) multispectral thermal infrared “radiance-at-sensor” data. Remote Sens Environ 99:127–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahimzadegan M, Sadeghi B, Masoumi M, Taghizadeh Ghalehjoghi S (2014) Application of target detection algorithms to identification of iron oxides using ASTER images: a case study in the North of Semnan province, Iran. Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517-014-1757-4

  • Rajendran S, Al-Khirbash S, Pracejus B, Nasir S, Al-Abri AH, Kusky TM, Ghulam A (2012) ASTER detection of chromite bearing mineralized zones in Semail Ophiolite Massifs of the northern Oman Mountains: exploration strategy. Ore Geol Rev 44:121–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramadan TM, Kontny A (2004) Mineralogical and structural characterization of alteration zones detected by orbital remote sensing at Shalatein District, SE Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 40:89–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramak R, Valadan Zouj MJ, Mojarad B (2015) improving linear spectral unmixing through local endmember detection. ISPRS. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-3-W2-177-2015

  • Ranjbar H, Honarmand M (2004) Integration and analysis of airborne geophysical and ETM+ data for exploration of porphyry type deposits in the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt, using fuzzy classification. Int J Remote Sens 25(21):4729–4741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjbar H, Shahriari H (2004) Comparison of ASTER and ETM+ data for exploration of porphyry copper mineralization: A case study of Sar Cheshmeh areas, Kerman, Iran. http://GISdevelopment.net/Application/Geology/Mineral&Mining

  • Ranjbar H, Shahriaria H, Honarmand M (2004) Integration of ASTER and airborne geophiscal data for exploration of copper mineralization, a case study of Sarcheshmeh area. ISPRS 3:39–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards JA (1999) Remote sensing digital image analysis: an introduction. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 240

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JP (2011) Magmatic to hydrothermal metal fluxes in convergent and collided margins. Ore Geol Rev 40:1–26

  • Rowan L, Hook SJ, Abrams MJ, Mars JC (2003) Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the Advanced Spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER), a new satellite-imaging system. Econ Geol Bull Soc Econ Geol 98(5):1019–1027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabins FF (1999) Remote sensing for mineral exploration. Ore Geol Rev 14(3):157–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi B, Khalajmasoumi M, Afzal P, Moarefvand P, Yasrebi AB, Wetherelt A, Foster P, Ziazarifi A (2013) Using ETM+ and ASTER sensors to identify iron occurrences in the Esfordi 1: 100000 mapping sheet of Central Iran. J Afr Earth Sci 85:103–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salehian M, Ghaderi M (2010) Alteration and Mineralization at Daralu Porphyry Copper Deposit, South of Kerman, Southeast Iran. The 1st International Applied Geological Congress Department of Geology Islamic Azad University Mashad Branch Iran

  • Salem S, Arafa SA, Ramadan T, El Sayed A (2013) Exploration of copper deposits in Wadi El Regeita area, Southern Sinai, Egypt, with contribution of remote sensing and geophysical data. Arab J Geosci 6:321–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seedorff E, Dilles J H, Proffett J M, Einaudi J, Zurcher M T, Stavast L et al (2005) Porphyry deposits: Characteristics and origin of hypogene features. Econ Geol, Anniversary volume: 251–298

  • Shafiei B, Haschke M, Shahabpour J (2009) Recycling of orogenic arc crust triggers porphyry copper mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic arc rocks, southeastern Iran. Mineral Deposita 44(3):265–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahabpour J (1994) Post- mineralization breccia dike from the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, Kerman, Iran. Explor Min Geol

  • Shalaby M, Bishta A, Roz M, El-Zalaky M (2010) Integration of geologic and remote sensing studies for the discovery of uranium mineralization in some granite plutons. Earth Sci East Desert Egypt 21

  • Sillitoe RH (2000) Gold-rich porphyry deposits: descriptive and genetic models and their role in exploration and discovery. Econ Geol 13:315–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Sillitoe RH (2002) Some metallogenic features of gold and copper deposits related to alkaline rocks and consequences for exploration. Mineral Deposita 37:4–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sillitoe RH (2010) Porphyry copper systems. Econ Geol 105:3–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sillitoe RH, Gappe IM Jr (1984) Philippine porphyry copper deposits: Geologic setting and characteristics: Bangkok, Thailand. United Nations ESCAP, CCOP Technical Publication 14: 89

  • Sillitoe RH, Perelló J (2005) Andean copper province: tectonomagmatic settings, deposit types, metallogeny, exploration, and discovery. Econ Geol 100:845–890

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Harrison A (1985) Standardized principal components. Int J Remote Sens 6:883–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sojdehee M, Rasa I, Nezafati N, Vosoughi Abedini M, Madani N, Zeinedini E (2015) Probabilistic modeling of the mineralized zones of Daralu copper deposit (SE Iran) using sequential indicator simulation. Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517-015-1828-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Spatz DM, Wilson RT (1995) Remote sensing characteristics of porphyry copper systems, western America Cordillera. Pierce FW, Bolm JG (eds) Arizona Geological Society Digest 20:94–108

  • Sultan M, Arvidson RE, Sturchio NC, Guinnes EA (1987) Lithologic mapping in arid regions with Landsat TM data: Meatiq dome, Egypt. Geol Soc Am Bull 99:748–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swayze GA, Clark RN, Goetz AFH, Livo KE, Sutley SS (1998) Using imaging spectroscopy to better understand the hydrothermal and tectonic history of the Cuprite mining district, Nevada. In: Green RO (ed) Summaries of the 7th JPL airborne earth science workshop, jet propulsion laboratory, Pasadena. JPL Publication, California, 1:383–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Tangestani MH, Mazhari N, Agar B, Moore F (2008) Evaluating Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for alteration zone enhancement in a semi-arid area, northern Shahr-e-Babak, SE Iran. Int J Remote Sens 29(10):2833–2850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ting Qiu J, Zhang C, Hu X (2015) Integration of concentration-area fractal modeling and spectral angle mapper for ferric iron alteration mapping and uranium exploration in the Xiemisitan Area, NW China. Remote Sens 7:13878–13894. doi:10.3390/rs71013878

  • Tosdal RM, Richards JP (2001) Magmatic and structural controls on the development of porphyry copper ± Mo ± Au deposits. Econ Geol 14:157–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi Y, Kahle AB, Tsu H, Kawakami T, Pniel M (1998) Overview of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER). Geosci Remote Sens IEEE Trans 36:1062–1071

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the National Iranian Copper Industries Company (NICICO) for their support to perform this research. We would like to specially thank the reviewers for their worthwhile comments and valuable contribution to this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mona Sojdehee, Nima Nezafati & Mansour Vosoughi Abedini

  2. Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Iraj Rasa

Authors
  1. Mona Sojdehee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iraj Rasa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nima Nezafati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mansour Vosoughi Abedini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mona Sojdehee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sojdehee, M., Rasa, I., Nezafati, N. et al. Application of spectral analysis to discriminate hydrothermal alteration zones at Daralu copper deposit, SE Iran. Arab J Geosci 9, 41 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2068-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2068-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation