Abstract
The aim of this study is to delineate the main Ni geochemical anomalies using concentration–perimeter (C–P) and concentration–number (C–N) fractal modeling based on lithogeochemical data in the Patang area, Eastern Iran. Results obtained by the C–P and C–N fractal modeling revealed that the extreme and high anomalies for Ni are located in the SE and NW parts of the studied area, which is associated with ultrabasic rocks especially peridotite and serpentinized harzburgites with an intensive lisvenitic alteration. Correlation between the main anomalies in the SE part of the area and mineralographical data indicated that there are high Ni values with respect to ore minerals including nickelite and ullmannite. Furthermore, results derived via the C–N fractal modeling revealed that the low intensive anomalies for Ni occur in the central parts of the area. Moreover, the main prospects for Ni are located in the SE and NW parts of the area suggesting that a detailed exploration should be conducted.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aftabi A, Zarrinkoub MH (2013) Petrogeochemistry of listvenite association in metaophiolites of Sahlabad region, eastern Iran: implications for possible epigenetic Cu–Au ore exploration in metaophiolites. Lithos 156–159:186–203
Aftabi A, Ghodrati Z, MacLean WH (2006) Metamorphic texture and geochemistry of the Cyprus-type massive sulfide lenses at Zurabad, Khoy, Iran. J Asian Earth Sci 27:523–533
Afzal P, Khakzad A, Moarefvand P, Rashidnejad Omran N, Esfandiari B, Fadakar Alghalandis Y (2010) Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling in Kahang (Gor Gor) porphyry system, Central Iran. J Geochem Explor 104:34–46
Afzal P, Fadakar Alghalandis Y, Khakzad A, Moarefvand P, Rashidnejad Omran N (2011) Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration–volume modeling. J Geochem Explor 108:220–232
Afzal P, Fadakar Alghalandis Y, Moarefvand P, Rashidnejad Omran N, Asadi Haroni H (2012) Application of power–spectrum–volume fractal method for detecting hypogene, supergene enrichment, leached and barren zones in Kahang Cu porphyry deposit, Central Iran. J Geochem Explor 112:131–138
Afzal P, Harati H, Fadakar Alghalandis Y, Yasrebi AB (2013) Application of spectrum–area fractal model to identify of geochemical anomalies based on soil data in Kahang porphyry-type Cu deposit, Iran. Chem Erde 73:533–543
Carranza EJM (2008) Geochemical anomaly and mineral prospectivity mapping in GIS. Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, vol 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 351
Cheng Q (1999) Spatial and scaling modeling for geochemical anomaly separation. J Geochem Explor 65:175–194
Cheng Q, Agterberg FP, Ballantyne SB (1994) The separation of geochemical anomalies from background by fractal methods. J Geochem Explor 51:109–130
David M (1970) Geostatistical ore reserve estimation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 283 p
Davis JC (2002) Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley, New York, pp 1–638
Hashemi M, Afzal P (2013) Identification of geochemical anomalies by using of number-size (N-S) fractal model in Bardaskan area, NE Iran. Arab J Geosci 6:4785–4794
Hassanpour S, Afzal P (2013) Application of concentration–number (C–N) multifractal modeling for geochemical anomaly separation in Haftcheshmeh porphyry system, NW Iran. Arab J Geosci 6:957–970
Hawkes HE, Webb JS (1979) Geochemistry in mineral exploration, 2nd edn. Academic, New York, p 657
Heidari SM, Ghaderi M, Afzal P (2013) Delineating mineralized phases based on lithogeochemical data using multifractal model in Touzlar epithermal Au–Ag (Cu) deposit, NW Iran. J Appl Geochem 31:119–132
Hosseini SA, Afzal P, Sadeghi B, Sharmad T, Shahrokhi SV, Farhadinejad T (2014) Prospection of Au mineralization based on stream sediments and lithogeochemical data using multifractal modeling in Alut 1:100,000 sheet, NW Iran. Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517
Li CJ, Ma TH, Shi JF (2003) Application of a fractal method relating concentration and distances for separation of geochemical anomalies from background. J Geochem Explor 77:167–175
Mandelbrot BB (1983) The fractal geometry of nature. Freeman, San Francisco, pp 1–468
Mohammadi A, Khakzad A, Rashidnejad Omran N, Mahvi MR, Moarefvand P, Afzal P (2013) Application of number-size (N-S) fractal model for separation of mineralized zones in Dareh-Ashki gold deposit, Muteh Complex, Central Iran. Arab J Geosci 6:4387–4398
Paravarzar S, Maarefvand P, Maghsoudi A, Afzal P (2014) Correlation between geological units and mineralized zones using fractal modeling in Zarshuran gold deposit (NW Iran). Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517
Shamseddin Meigoony M, Afzal P, Gholinejad M, Yasrebi AB, Sadeghi B (2013) Delineation of geochemical anomalies using factor analysis and multifractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Sarajeh 1:100,000 sheet, Central Iran. Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517
Stocklin J (1975) On the origin of ophiolite complexes in the southern Tethys region. Tectonophysics 25:303–322
Wang QF, Deng J, Wan L, Zhao J, Gong QJ, Yang LQ, Zhou L, Zhang ZJ (2008) Multifractal analysis of the element distribution in karn-type deposits in Shizishan Orefield in Tongling area, Anhui province, China. Acta Geol Sin 82:896–905
Yasrebi AB, Afzal P, Wetherelt A, Foster P, Esfahanipour R (2013) Correlation between geology and concentration-volume fractal models: significance for Cu and Mo mineralized zones separation in the Kahang porphyry deposit (Central Iran). Geol Carpath 64:153–163
Yasrebi AB, Wetherelt A, Foster P, Coggan J, Afzal P, Agterberg F, Kaveh Ahangaran D (2014) Application of a density–volume fractal model for rock characterisation of the Kahang porphyry deposit. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 66:188–193
Zarrinkoub MH, Aftabi A (1994) Assessment of ore minerals by emphasis on dehydration reactions and listwaenitization in Sahlabad region, Birjand, Iran. Unpublished M.Sc thesis, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 304 pp. (in Persian)
Zuo R (2011) Identifying geochemical anomalies associated with Cu and Pb-Zn skarn mineralization using principal component analysis and spectrum-area fractal modelling in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet (China). J Geochem Explor 111:13–22
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge Ms. A. Haj Molla Ali as Kan Iran Co. executive manager for preparing the Patang dataset for this study. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Amir Bijan Yasrebi from Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter for his academic contribution.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, E.H.M., Khakzad, A., Lotfi, M. et al. Prospecting of Ni mineralization using fractal models based on lithogeochemical data in Patang area, Eastern Iran. Arab J Geosci 8, 9667–9677 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-1931-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-1931-3