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Early Cambrian high-temperature dolomite of the Rizu Series in the Jalal-Abad iron ore deposit, Central Iran

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Abstract

Early Cambrian dolomites associated with siltstone, volcanic, and volcaniclastic rocks are the host rocks of the Jalal-Abad iron deposit. Five types of dolomite are distinguished by petrographic studies; fine to medium crystalline, planar dolomites (Rd1, Rd2), medium to coarse crystalline (Rd3), cloudy, subhedral to euhedral dolomite cements (Cd1), and coarse to very coarse saddle dolomite cements (Cd2). The Rd1-type dolomites formed in replacement stages, while Rd2 and Rd3 dolomites are formed during the early diagenetic stage. Cd1- and Cd2-type dolomites were formed by recrystallization during hydrothermal processes. Cd1 and Cd2 dolomite is mainly associated with different types of iron oxide, quartz, and sulfide minerals. Investigations of fluid inclusions in saddle dolomites show homogenization temperatures from 160 to 260 °C, with a mean of 215 °C, and salinities between 32.1 and 38, with an average of 35.9 wt% NaCl equiv. The δ 13C (PDB) compositions of the Rd1, Rd2, and Rd3 dolomites fall in the range of −5.30 to −2.97 and δ 18O (PDB) values of dolomite vary between −9.54 and −8.58. The δ 13C (PDB) compositions of Cd1 and Cd2 dolomites range from −11.00 to −4.17 and their δ 18O (PDB) values from −16.80 to −8.89. The presence of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in the dolomitic sequences and crosscutting of dolomite sequences by intrusive bodies indicate magmatic activity as the heat source of high-temperature dolomitization. Based on the compiled data, we argue that high-temperature dolomitization was caused by hydrothermal fluids which migrated through faults and fractures during the Early Cambrian and, probably, later.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank the Kharazmi University, Iranian Mineral Processing Research Center (IMPRC), and Iranian Mines and Mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization (IMIDRO) for financial supports. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Jalal-Abad mining staff during field investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geochemistry Department, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, 15614, Iran

    Behzad Mehrabi & Behrouz Karimi Shahraki

  2. School of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, Tehran, Iran

    Kamaladdin Bazargani Guilani

  3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran

    Fariborz Masoudi

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  1. Behzad Mehrabi
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Correspondence to Behrouz Karimi Shahraki.

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Mehrabi, B., Karimi Shahraki, B., Bazargani Guilani, K. et al. Early Cambrian high-temperature dolomite of the Rizu Series in the Jalal-Abad iron ore deposit, Central Iran. Arab J Geosci 8, 7163–7176 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1684-4

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