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Biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and paleoecology of the Lower–Middle Miocene of Northern Bandar Abbas, Southeast Zagros basin in south of Iran

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Abstract

The Guri Member is a limestone interval at the base of the calcareous marls of the Mishan Formation. It is the youngest hydrocarbon reservoir of the southeast part of the Zagros sedimentary basin. This Member overlaid siliciclastic rocks of Razak Formation and is overlain by green and gray marls of the Mishan Formation. In order to consider the paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Lower–Middle Miocene (Guri Member), we have studied biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Guri Member based on foraminifer and microfacies in two stratigraphic sections including Dorahi–Homag and Chahestan. A total of 33 genera and 56 species of benthic and planktonic foraminifera were identified in two studied stratigraphic sections. Benthic and planktonic foraminifera demonstrate Aquitanian to Langhian age (Early–Middle Miocene) for this Member at the study area. Studied interval has deposited in four facies association including supratidal, lagoon, coral reef, and open sea on a carbonate ramp. Carbonate rocks of the Guri Member have precipitated in two and three depositional sequences at Chahestan and Dorahi–Homag sections, respectively. Sedimentation of marine carbonates of the Guri Member on siliciclastic deposits reflects a major transgression of sea level at Lower to Middle Miocene that led to creating a new sea in the Zagros basin at that age. Increasing siliciclastic influx along with a sea level fall finally caused burying of the carbonate ramp. Except for the beginning of sedimentation of carbonate at the base of both stratigraphic sections (depositional sequence 1), most of the system tracts are not matched to global sea level curve that reflect local effects of the basin. Distribution of foraminifera suggests precipitation in tropical to subtropical in mesotrophic to oligotrophic and eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions. Based on large benthic foraminifera (porcelaneous large benthic foraminifera and hyaline larger benthic foraminifera), water temperature average was determined between 25 and 30 °C that was confirmed by analyzing oxygen and carbon stable isotopes. Finally, we have utilized achieved data to reconstruction and modeling of paleoecology, paleoenvironments, and sea level changes in the southeast part of the Zagros basin.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is a part of the Ph.D dissertation by A. Heidari at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and The University of Kansas. This study was supported by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and The University of Kansas (USA). We would like to appreciate Fatemeh Zabihi and Narges Shokri from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad for recognition and pereparing foraminifera samples for study by SEM and Dr. Reazaei from Homozgan University. We are also thankful to Gregory Cane from University of Kansas Stable Isotope Laboratory and Mr. Javad Rabani, Hamed Mohammadian for their help during field work in Zagros Mountain. Marcelle Boudagher-Fadel, University College London, and Seyed Ali Moalemi, Reservoir Geology Division, Exploration and Production Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran.

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  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Akbar Heidari, Asadollah Mahboubi & Reza Moussavi-Harami

  2. Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Luis Gonzalez

  3. Reservoir Geology Division, Exploration and Production Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Ali Moalemi

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  1. Akbar Heidari
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Correspondence to Akbar Heidari.

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Heidari, A., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R. et al. Biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and paleoecology of the Lower–Middle Miocene of Northern Bandar Abbas, Southeast Zagros basin in south of Iran. Arab J Geosci 7, 1829–1855 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0803-3

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