Abstract
The performance of pile foundations in liquefiable soil subjected to earthquake loading is a very complex process. The strength and stiffness of the soil decrease due to the increase in pore pressure. The pile can be seriously destroyed by the soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. This paper presents the response of vertical piles in liquefiable soil under seismic loads. A finite difference model, known as fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, is used to study the pile behavior considering a nonlinear constitutive model for soil liquefaction and pile–soil interaction. The maximum lateral displacement and maximum pile bending moment are obtained for different pile diameters, earthquake predominant frequencies, Arias intensities, and peak accelerations. It is found that the maximum lateral displacement and the maximum pile bending moment increase when the predominant earthquake frequency value decreases for a given peak acceleration value.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdoun T, Dobry R (2002) Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral spreading. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 22:1051–1058
Abdoun T, Dobry R (2003) Pile response to lateral spreads: centrifuge modeling. ASCE 129(10):869
Abdoun T, Dobry R, O’Rouke TD (1997) Centrifuge and numerical modelling of soil–pile interaction during earthquake induced soil liquefaction and lateral spreading. Observation and modelling in numerical analysis and model tests in dynamic soil–structure interaction problems. Proceedings of sessions held in conjunction with Geo-Logan’97, Logan, Utah, pp. 76–90
Arduino P, Kramer SL, Li P, Horne JC (2005) Stiffness of piles in liquefiable soils. Proceedings of ASCE Conference on Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefied and Laterally Spreading Ground, ASCE, Reston, pp. 134–148
Broms BB (1964) Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils. J Soil Mech Found Div—ASCE 90(3):123–156
Byrne P (1991) A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore-pressure model for sand. Proc., 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, pp. 47–55
Cheng Z, Jeremic B (2009) Numerical modeling and simulation of pile in liquefiable soil. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 29:1405–1416
Dobry R, Taboada V, Liu L (1995) Centrifuge modelling of liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Proceedings, First Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 1291–1324
Donovan K, Pariseau WG, Ceepak M (1984) Finite element approach to cable bolting in steeply dipping VCR slopes. In: Geomechanics application in underground hard rock mining. Society of Mining Engineers, New York, pp. 65–90
Finn WDL, Fujita N (2002) Piles in liquefaction soils: seismic analysis and design issues. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 22:731–742
Hamada M (1992) Large ground deformations and their effects on lifelines: 1964 Niigata earthquake. In: O’Rourke TD, Hamada M (eds) Case studies of liquefaction and lifeline performance during past earthquakes. vol 1: Japanese case studies, Tech. Rep. NCEER-92-0001
Horikoshi K, Tateishi A, Fujiwara T (1998) Centrifuge modeling of a single pile subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Soils Found., (Special Issue No. 2), 193–208.
Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2005) FLAC—fast Lagrangian analysis of continua. User’s manual, version 5.0, Minneapolis
Liyanapathirana DS, Poulos HG (2005) Seismic lateral response of piles in liquefying soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 131(12):1466–1479
Martin GR, Finn WDL, Seed HB (1975) Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading. J Geotech Eng Div, ASCE 101(GT5):423–438
Mizuno H, Sugimoto M, Mori T, Iiba M, Hirade T (2000) Dynamic behaviour of pile foundation in liquefaction process—shaking table tests utilising big shear box. Proceedings, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Paper No. 1883
Nakamura T, Sugano T, Oikawa K, Mito M (2000) An experimental study on the pier damaged by 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. Proceedings, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Paper No. 1038
Ohtomo K (1996) Effects of liquefaction induced lateral flow on a conduit with supporting piles. Proceedings, 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 386
Popescu R, Prevost JH (1993) Centrifuge validation of a numerical model for dynamic soil liquefaction. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 12:73–90
Tamura S, Suzuki Y, Tsuchiya T, Fujii S, Kagawa T (2000) Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of a pile foundation during soil liquefaction by shaking table test with a large scale laminar shear box. Proceedings, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Paper No. 0903
Wilson DW, Boulanger RW, Kutter BL (1999) Lateral resistance of piles in liquefying sand. Geotechnical special publication no. 88, Proceedings, Analysis, Design, Construction and Testing of Deep Foundations, ASCE, Reston, pp. 165–179
Wilson DW, Boulanger RW, Kutter BL (2000) Observed seismic lateral resistance of liquefying sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 126(10):898–906
Yasuda S, Ishihara K, Morimoto I, Orense R, Ikeda M, Tamura S (2000) Large-scale shaking table tests on pile foundations in liquefied ground. Proceedings, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Paper No. 1474
Yokoyama K, Tamura K, Matsuo O (1997) Design methods of bridge foundations against soil liquefaction and liquefaction induced ground flow. In: Second Italy–Japan workshop on seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Rome, Italy, 27–28 Feb 1997, p. 23
Youd TL, Bartlett SF (1989) Case histories of lateral spreads from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake. Proceedings of the third Japan–US workshop on Earth resistant design of lifeline facilities and countermeasures for soils liquefaction. NCEER, vol. 91–0001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choobbasti, A.J., Saadati, M. & Tavakoli, H.R. Seismic response of pile foundations in liquefiable soil: parametric study. Arab J Geosci 5, 1307–1315 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0291-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0291-x