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Lineament extraction from multi-resolution satellite imagery: a pilot study on Wadi Bani Malik, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

استخلاص السِّمَات الخَطِّيَّة من صور الأقمار الاصطناعية مُتعددة الدقة: دراسة تجريبية على وادي بني مالك، جِدَّة، المملكة العربية السُّعُودِيَّة

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Abstract

The study of structural lineaments is important for mineral exploration, geotectonic and geotechnical studies, and for the mitigation of geologic hazards. The present work deals with the extraction of lineaments from satellite imageries of different spatial resolutions as well as the analysis of these extracted lineaments. Wadi Bani Malik area located to the east of Jeddah city on the Red Sea coastal plain is chosen for such a study. Six types of digital satellite imagery data were used in the present study. These comprise satellite imagery of low spatial resolution (LSR) including Landsat MSS of 80-m resolution, Landsat TM of 30-m resolution, and Landsat TM of 25-m resolution; satellite imagery of moderate spatial resolution (MSR) including Landsat ETM+ panchromatic of 15-m resolution and SPOT panchromatic of 10-m resolution; and satellite imagery of high spatial resolution (HSR) including the Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS data of 5-m resolution. As expected, the analysis of the extracted lineaments from different data sets shows that the imagery data of HSR of the Indian IRS data give the highest frequency of the extracted structural lineaments (N = 3,235), while the imagery data of LSR of the Landsat MSS data give the lowest frequency of the extracted lineaments (N = 89). The imagery data of MSR give moderate frequency (N = 1,643) in average. Due to the present study, it is recommended to use the imagery data of HSR and MSR for the extraction of structural lineaments for detailed and regional studies, respectively. The imagery data of LSR are not recommended for such studies due to the fact that most of the real structural lineaments framework cannot be extracted; accordingly, it is not useful in the analyses of lineaments for geological purposes.

Abstract

إنَّ دراسة السِّمَات الخَطِّيَّة البنائية مُهمة في الاستكشاف المعدني، وفي الدراسات البنائية والجيوتقنية، ومُهمة كذلك في الحَدِّ من المخاطر الجيولوجية. وتقوم الدراسة الحالية على استخلاص وتحليل السِّمَات الخَطِّيَّة من صور الأقمار الاصطناعية، مختلفة الدقة المكانية، وتَمَّ تطيبق هذه التقنية على منطقة وادي بني مالك، الواقعة إلى الشَّرق من مدينة جِدَّة على ساحل البحر الأحمر. واستُخْدِمَتْ ستة أنواع من البيانات الرقمية لصور الأقمار الاصطناعية التي تتضمن (1) صُور أقمار اصطناعية ذات بُعد مكاني مُنخفض LSR، وتشمل صُور لاندسات مُتعددة الأطياف MSS (80م)، ولاندسات الراسم الثيماتيكي TM (30م)، ولاندسات الراسم الثيماتيكي (25م)؛ (2) صُور أقمار اصطناعية ذات بُعد مكاني مُتوسط MSR، وتشمل صور لاندسات الراسم الثيماتيكي المُحَسَّنة ETM+ أحادية الطيف (15م)، وصُور أحادية الطيف للقمر الاصطناعي الفرنسي "سبوت" SPOT (10 م)؛ (3) صور أقمار اصطناعية ذات بُعد مكانيٍّ عالٍ HSR، وتشمل صُورة للقمر الاصطناعي الهندي IRS (5م). وكما كان مُتوقعًا، فإن تحليل هذه السِّمَات الخَطِّيَّة المُستخلصة من صُور الأقمار الاصطناعية المختلفة قد أكدت بأنَّ بيانات صُور HSR للقمر الاصطناعي الهندي نتج عنها أكبر عدد تكراري للسِّمَات الخَطِّيَّة البنائية ( 3235 سِمَّة خَطِّيَّة)، على عكس صور LSR للقمر الاصطناعي لاندسات مُتعدد الأطياف، والتي استخلص منها أقل عدد من السِّمات الخطية (89 سِمَّة خَطِّيَّة). أما بيانات صور MSR فقد استخلص منها قيمة متوسطة (1643 سِمَّة خَطِّيَّة). وخَلُصَتْ الدراسةُ إلى أنَّ استخدام بيانات صور HSR مُفِيدةٌ أَيَّمَا إفادة في الدراسات التفصيلية، أما صُور MSR فَيُوصَى باستخدامها في الدراسات الإقليمية لتتبع السِّمَات البنائية. ولا يُوصى باستخدام صور LSR في مثل تلك الدراسات؛ لصعوبة استخلاص البنيويات (التراكيب) الحقيقية منها، وهذه البنيويات غايةٌ في الأهمية في الأغراض الجُيولُوجيَّة.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Prof. Adel Zein Bishta for helping during the progress of this work and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for providing the images.

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  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80206, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed H. T. Qari

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Correspondence to Mohammed H. T. Qari.

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Qari, M.H.T. Lineament extraction from multi-resolution satellite imagery: a pilot study on Wadi Bani Malik, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 4, 1363–1371 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-009-0116-3

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