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Utilizing image processing techniques in lithologic discrimination of Buwatah area, Western Arabian Shield

الإستفادة من تقنيات معالجة الصور الفضائيه في التفريق الليثولوجي بمنطقة بواطه، غربي الدرع العربي

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Abstract

The main task of this article is the evaluation of the IHS color transformation fusion, color composite ratios, and principal component analysis techniques for lithologic discrimination of the basement rocks exposed at Buwatah area, Western Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. Landsat ETM+ images were prepared and used to perform this task using PCI Geomatica software. IHS fusion technique was conducted through four main processing steps: (1) registration of the multispectral image (7, 4, and 2 in RGB) to the panchromatic image and then resample it to the same spatial resolution as that of the panchromatic image; (2) transformation of the three multispectral bands from RGB to IHS space; (3) substitution of the intensity value from the high spatial resolution panchromatic band; and finally (4) back transformation to RGB. The band ratios 5/7, 3/1, and 4/3 displayed in RGB, respectively, were used to produce the color composite ratio image. The first principal component (PC1), the second principal component (PC2), and the third principal component (PC3), displayed in RGB, respectively, were used to construct the color composite principal component image. The resultant images successfully discriminated the exposed rock units in the study area and a lithologic map has been constructed that is subjected to precise field verification. The stratigraphy of the area under consideration starts with metavolcanics and associated volcaniclastics as an oldest rock unit, followed by granodiorite–diorite, pink granite, biotite granite, acidic and basic dykes, and Cenozoic volcanics. A new rock unit (biotite granite) has been introduced that was not represented in previous mapping of the considered sector. The biotite granite is verified by field and petrographical studies.

الخلاصه:

الهدف الرئيسي من هذا البحث تقييم تقنيات مستخدمه في التفريق الليثولوجي مثل التحويل اللوني IHS والصور النسبية الملونه والتحليل الإحصائي PCA لصخور القاعدة الموجودة بمنطقة بواطه غربي الدرع العربي بالمملكة العربية السعوديه. تم تجهيز وإستخدام صور لاندسات ETM+ في هذه العمليات عن طريق البرنامج PCI Geomatica. تقنية التحويل اللوني IHS تم بواسطة اربع خطوات (1) تسجيل النطاقات الطيفيه 7و4و2 في الأحمر والأخضر والأزرق إلى الصورة الأحادية اللون ومن ثم إعادتها ألى نفس الدقة المكانية للصورة الأحادية اللون (2) تحويل النطاقات المتعددة الأطياف من الأحمر والأخضر والأزرق إلى IHS (3) إحلال قيم شدة الإضاءة من نطاق أحادي الطيف ذو الدقة المكانيه العاليه، وأخيرا (4) إعادة تحويلها إلى الأحمر والأخضر والأزرق. إن الصور النسبية 5/7و3/1و4/3 والتي عًرضت في الأحمر والأخضر والأزرق على التوالي استخدمت لإنتاج الصورة الملونة النسبية. أما صور المركبات الأساسيه الأول PC1 والثاني PC2 والثالث PC3 والتي تم عرضه في الأحمر والأخضر والأزرق على التوالي استخدمت لإنشاء الصورة الملونة المركبة من طريقة التحليل الإحصائي (المركبات الأساسيه). إن الصور المنتجة في هذا البحث فرقت بنجاح بين الوحدات الصخرية الظاهرة في منطقة الدراسة وتم إنتاج خريطة ليثولوجية بعد التأكد من العمل الحقلي، والتتابع الصخري لمنطقة الدراسة يبدأ بالصخور البركانية المتحولة والصخور البركانية الرسوبية كأقدم وحدة صخرية يتبعها صخور الجرانوديورايت/ديورايت والجرانيت اللحمي اللون والجرانيت البيوتيتي والقواطع الحمضية والقاعدية وأخيرا البركانيات الحديثه. وفي هذا البحث تم التعرف على وحدة صخرية جديدة هي الجرانيت البيوتيتي والذي لم يًمثل من قبل في أعمال التخريط لنفس المنطقة وهذه الوحدة الصخرية تم التأكد منها بواسطة الدراسة الحقلية ودراسة قطاعات صخرية تحت الميكرسكوب.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Prof. Zakaria Hamimi, Prof. M. Abdelwahed Mohamed, Dr. A. Madani, and Dr. A. Z. Bishta for helping during the progress of this work and for critical discussions.

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  1. Department of Structural Geology and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80206, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed H. T. Qari

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Correspondence to Mohammed H. T. Qari.

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Qari, M.H.T. Utilizing image processing techniques in lithologic discrimination of Buwatah area, Western Arabian Shield. Arab J Geosci 4, 13–24 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-009-0049-x

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