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Cognitieve revalidatie voor kinderen en jongeren met niet-aangeboren hersenletsel: wat zijn de effectieve componenten?

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Neuropraxis

Samenvatting

Veel kinderen en jongeren met niet-aangeboren hersenletsel (NAH) ervaren problemen met cognitief functioneren, zoals een verminderd geheugen of slechtere concentratie. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op bevindingen en inzichten uit het proefschrift ‘Executive functions of children and adolescents: Novel perspectives on assessment and intervention’. Een belangrijk doel van het promotietraject was beter inzicht te krijgen in hoe we cognitieve functies en bijbehorende problemen bij kinderen en jongeren met NAH kunnen verbeteren. Cognitieve problemen bij kinderen en jongeren kunnen mogelijk worden behandeld met cognitieve revalidatie. Interventies voor cognitieve revalidatie kunnen worden gecategoriseerd op basis van hun hoofdcomponenten: 1) strategiegebruik en/of metacognitie, 2) herhaald oefenen, en 3) externe hulpmiddelen. Resultaten van een literatuurstudie naar cognitieve revalidatie laten zien dat door interventies die zijn gebaseerd op metacognitie en/of strategiegebruik vooral adaptief gedrag en sociaal functioneren verbeteren. Interventies op basis van herhaald oefenen verbeterden de prestaties op taken die vergelijkbaar zijn met de geoefende taken. Multi-componenten-interventies die deze twee componenten combineren, leken te leiden tot verbeteringen in zowel cognitief als adaptief gedrag en sociaal functioneren. Externe hulpmiddelen verbeterden het functioneren in het specifieke gebied waarop het hulpmiddel was gericht, bijvoorbeeld het geheugen. De beschikbare gegevens suggereren dat interventies bestaande uit meerdere componenten, zoals een combinatie van metacognitie- en/of strategiegebruik en herhaald oefenen, veelbelovend zijn, omdat deze kunnen leiden tot verbeteringen in zowel het cognitieve als psychosociale functioneren van kinderen en adolescenten met NAH.

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Dankbetuiging

Het literatuuronderzoek en de ontwikkeling van de nieuwe cognitieve interventie beschreven in dit artikel zijn mede mogelijk gemaakt door financiering van Johanna KinderFonds, Cornelia-Stichting en Stichting Rotterdams Kinderrevalidatie Fonds Adriaanstichting.

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  1. Afdeling Neuropsychologie & Psychofarmacologie, Faculteit der Psychologie en Neurowetenschappen, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Nederland

    Christine Resch, Petra P. M. Hurks & Caroline M. van Heugten

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  1. Christine Resch
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Correspondence to Christine Resch.

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Resch, C., Hurks, P.P.M. & van Heugten, C.M. Cognitieve revalidatie voor kinderen en jongeren met niet-aangeboren hersenletsel: wat zijn de effectieve componenten?. Neuropraxis 24, 66–73 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-020-00254-3

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