De puberteit is een belangrijke periode gedurende de ontwikkeling die wordt gekenmerkt door een sterke toename in geslachtshormonen. Studies die gebruikmaken van beeldvormingtechnieken, zoals MRI, rapporteren veelvuldig dat de hersenen van gezonde kinderen in de puberteit anatomische veranderingen ondergaan. Het proces van anatomische reorganisatie in de puberteit zou kunnen wijzen op het ‘fine-tunen’ van neuronale netwerken. Deze bewering wordt gesterkt door dierexperimenteel onderzoek, waaruit blijkt dat geslachtshormonen een directe invloed hebben op de vertakking van dendrieten (‘grijze stof’) en de vorming van myeline om axonen (‘witte stof’). Een belangrijke vraag die nu rijst is in hoeverre puberteitshormonen bijdragen aan hersenontwikkeling bij mensen. Dit artikel bespreekt de mogelijke evidentie voor de rol die geslachtshormonen spelen bij de ontwikkeling van grijze en witte stof. We kunnen concluderen dat individuele verschillen in de modulatie van geslachtshormonen op de organisatie van de hersenen aanknopingspunten geven om typisch gedrag in de puberteit te verklaren, zoals verhoogde gevoeligheid voor beloningen, risicogedrag en cognitieve flexibiliteit.
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period during development and is characterized by an increase in levels of sex steroid levels. Human neuroimaging studies have consistently reported that in typically developing pubertal children, the brain undergoes significant structural reorganization that is thought to reflect the fine-tuning of neuronal networks. This notion is supported by animal studies that have shown that sex steroids influence dendritic branching (gray matter) and myelination of axons (white matter). An important question that comes to mind is to what extent pubertal hormones play a role in human brain development during this critical period. In this paper, evidence is provided that sex steroids are involved in gray and white matter development. Individual differences in the modulation of sex steroids and brain restructuring might provide a neuroendocrinological basis for explaining enhanced reward sensitivity, risk taking behaviour and cognitive flexibility during puberty.
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Peper, J. Geslachtshormonen en hersenontwikkeling in de puberteit. NEUROPRAXIS 15, 178–183 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-011-0032-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-011-0032-7