Ernstig prematuur geboren kinderen (een zwangerschapduur van minder dan 32 weken) en/of kinderen met een zeer laag geboortegewicht (minder dan 1500 gram) lopen risico op het ontwikkelen van neurologische beperkingen die het verloop van hun ontwikkeling kunnen beïnvloeden (Saigal & Doyle, 2008). Ten opzichte van op tijd geboren kinderen en kinderen met een normaal geboortegewicht blijken deze te vroeg geboren kinderen achter te blijven in de ontwikkeling van motorische vaardigheden, lagere scores bij intelligentieonderzoeken op schoolleeftijd te behalen en vaker gedragsproblemen te hebben. Vaak blijven de problemen die ernstig prematuur geboren kinderen ervaren tot in de jongvolwassenheid bestaan. Niet alleen prematuren met ernstige neurosensorische beperkingen ervaren problemen in hun ontwikkeling. Ook kinderen met milde neurologische problematiek vertonen ontwikkelingsachterstanden op schoolleeftijd. Daarnaast blijken ernstig prematuur geboren jongens meer problemen te vertonen dan ernstig prematuur geboren meisjes. Kinderen in de vroege basisschoolleeftijd simpelweg een poppetje laten tekenen geeft mogelijk een eerste indruk van hun cognitieve en motorische ontwikkeling.
Abstract
Very preterm born children with a gestational age less than 32 weeks and/or birth weight less than 1500 grams, are at risk for developing neurological deficits that may influence cognitive, motor and behavioral developmental trajectories. Simply asking these children at early school age to draw a person, might give a first impression of their cognitive and motor development.
Methods:
72 very preterm children (birth weight < 1500 grams and/or gestational age < 32 weeks) and 60 term children were compared on the Draw a Person test at 5 years of age. Cognitive and motor skills of the very preterm children already had been evaluated four times, at ½, 1, 2 and 5 years of age.
Results:
Very preterm children made less skilled and less detailed drawings than term children at 5 years of age. A positive relation between earlier cognitive and motor development of very preterm children and later drawing skills was found.
Conclusions:
The DAP test could be a feasible assessment tool for a quick first screening of cognitive and motor deficits at early school age. Normal drawing scores in general indicate normal cognitive and motor development. A worrisome result on the DAP test does not always result in abnormal cognitive and motor scores, but it should be followed by more thorough (neuro)psychological testing.
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psychologe, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, orthopedagoge, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, kinderarts-neonatoloog, Faculteit Sociale en gedragswetenschappen, arts, ud, orthopedagoge
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Schepers, S., Deković, M., Feltzer, M. et al. Tekeningen van ernstig te vroeg geboren kinderen op vijfjarige leeftijd: een eerste indruk van cognitieve en motorische ontwikkeling?. NEUROPRAXIS 15, 127–133 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-011-0024-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-011-0024-7