Samenvatting
In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van onderzoek naar verschillen in ouder-kindinteracties in gezinnen in westerse landen met verschillende etnische achtergronden en van mogelijke verklaringen voor die verschillen. Ouders met verschillende etnische achtergronden verschillen van elkaar wat betreft waarden, doelen en beschikbare middelen in de opvoeding. Die verschillen hebben effect op de opvoeding en de ontwikkeling van kinderen. Uit vergelijkingen van gezinnen met verschillende etnische achtergronden binnen hetzelfde land blijkt dat ouders die behoren tot een etnische minderheid minder sensitiviteit, meer autoritaire discipline, minder kindgerichte communicatie en minder betrokkenheid bij educatieve activiteiten laten zien dan ouders die behoren tot de etnische meerderheid. Verschillen in ontwikkeling tussen kinderen van verschillende etnische achtergronden kunnen mede hierdoor verklaard worden. Ondanks verschillen tussen etnische groepen in ouder-kindinteracties zijn de verbanden tussen opvoedgedrag en de ontwikkeling van kinderen generaliseerbaar over culturen heen, enkele uitzonderingen daargelaten. De focus op verschillen tussen gezinnen van verschillende etnische achtergronden is gebaseerd op groepsgemiddelden, waardoor de enorme variatie binnen etnische groepen buiten beeld blijft. Variatie in ouder-kindinteracties binnen etnische groepen kan deels verklaard worden door stressoren die samenhangen met een lage sociaaleconomische status (SES), acculturatie en discriminatie.
Abstract
We review research on inter-cultural differences in parenting, and the sources of those differences. Ethnic minority parents differ from ethnic majority parents in parenting values, childrearing goals and resources – differences that affect parenting practices and children’s development. Within-country comparisons indicate less sensitivity, more authoritarian disciplining, less child-focused communication and less engagement in learning activities among ethnic minority parents compared with ethnic majority parents, which helps account for disparities between children. Despite group differences in parenting, associations between parenting and child development generalize across cultures, with rare exceptions. However, a focus on inter-cultural differences is based on comparisons of group “averages”, which masks the enormous variation within ethnic minority samples. Within-group variation can be partly explained by stressors associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), acculturation and discrimination.
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Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda bedankt de National Science Foundation grants BCS #021859 en IRADS #0721383.
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Dit artikel is een vertaling en bewerking van een eerder verschenen Engelstalig artikel: Prevoo, M. J. L., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2017). Parenting and globalization in western countries: explaining differences in parent-child interactions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15: 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.003
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Prevoo, M.J.L., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S. Opvoeding en globalisering in westerse landen. Kind Adolesc 39, 113–126 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-018-0171-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-018-0171-1