SAMENVATTING
Halverwege de jaren 90 van de vorige eeuw is het metacognitieve model voor de gegeneraliseerde angststoornis (GAS) ontwikkeld. De effectiviteit van de hierop gebaseerde metacognitieve therapie (MCT) is de afgelopen jaren in verschillende studies onderzocht. In dit artikel worden het metacognitieve model en therapie voor GAS beschreven. Vervolgens wordt een overzicht gegeven van de onderzoeken die tot dusverre zijn uitgevoerd naar de effectiviteit van deze behandeling. In dit overzicht worden ook de voorlopige resultaten van recent afgerond en nog niet gepubliceerd onderzoek beschreven.
ABSTRACT
In the 90’s Wells (1995) developed the metacognitive approach for generalized anxiety disorder. In this article, the metacognitive model of GAD, metacognitive therapy (MCT) for GAD, and an overview of studies into the efficacy of MCT are presented successively. The overview of efficacy studies not only includes results of already publishes studies, but also the preliminary results of some unpublished studies.
Referenties
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Beck, J. (1999). Basisboek cognitieve therapie (vertaling door H. Geluk). Baarn: HB Uitgevers.
Borkovec, T.D. & Roemer, L. (1995). Perceived functions of worry among generalized anxiety disorder subjects: Distraction from more emotionally distressing topics? Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 25–30.
Broeke, E. ten, Heiden, C. van der, Meijer, S., & Schurink, G. (2008). Cognitieve therapie: De basisvaardigheden. Nijmegen: Cure and Care Publishers.
Cartwright-Hatton, S. & Wells, A. (1997). Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 279–315.
Craske, M.G. (1999). Anxiety disorders. Psychological approaches to theory and treatment. Boulder: Westview Press.
Dugas, M.J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcot, J., Gauvet, A., Ladouceur, R., Leblanc, R., & Gervais, N.J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 41, 46–58.
Dugas, M.J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M.H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226.
Dugas, M.J., Ladouceur, R., Léger, E., Freeston, M.H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M.D., & Boisvert, J.-M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 821–825.
Elgersma, H.J. & Arntz, A. (1999). Protocollaire behandeling van patiënten met een gegeneraliseerde angststoornis. In: G.P.J. Keijsers, A. van Minnen, & C.A.L. Hoogduin (red.), Protocollaire behandelingen in de ambulante geestelijke gezondheidszorg II (pp. 100–123). Houten/Diegem: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
Fisher, P.L. (2006). The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder? In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment (pp. 359–378). Chichester: Wiley.
Heiden, C. van der (2009). Metacognitieve therapie bij gegeneraliseerde angst (serie Protocollen voor de GGZ). Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum. Heiden, C. van der, Muris, P., & Molen, H.T. van der (ter publicatie aangeboden). Randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.
Hermans, D., Crombez, G., Rijsoort, S. van, & Laeremans, I. (1998). Meta- Cognities Vragenlijst (ongepubliceerde, geautoriseerde vertaling van de Meta-cognitions Questionnaire).
Jacobson, N.S. & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12–19.
Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M.J., Freeston, M.H., Léger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 957–964.
Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de GGZ (LSMR) (2003). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen. Richtlijn voor diagnostiek, behandeling en begeleiding van volwassen patiënten met een angststoornis. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut.
Meyer, T.J., Miller, M.L., Metzger, R.L., & Borkovec, T.D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour, research and Therapy, 28, 487–496.
Nassif, Y. (1999). Predictors of pathological worry. Ongepubliceerd manuscript, geciteerd in Wells (2002).
Ost, L.G. (1987). Applied relaxation: Description of a coping technique and review of controlled studies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25(5), 397–409.
Roemer, L. & Orsillo, S.M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/ acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioral methods. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 54–68.
Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.C., Lushene, R.E., Vagg, P.R., & Jacobs, G.A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Wegner, D.M., Schneider, D.J., Carter, S., & White, T. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5–13.
Wells, A. (1995). Metacognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 301–320.
Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Wells, A. (2004). A cognitive model of GAD: Metacognitions and pathological worry. In: R.G. Heimberg, C.L. Turk, & D.S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 164–186). New York/London: The Guilford Press.
Wells, A. & Carter, K. (2001). Further tests of a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: Metacognitions and worry in GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, depression and nonpatients. Behavior Therapy, 32, 85–102.
Wells, A. & King, P. (2006). Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37(3), 206–212.
Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Papageorgiou, C., Wisely, J., & Mendel, E. (2010). A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs. applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(5):429–434.
Yonkers, K.A., Warshaw, M.G., Massion, A.O., & Keller, M.B. (1996). Phenomenology and course of generalized anxiety disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 308–313.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
psycholoog en gedragstherapeut i.o., is als behandelaar en onderzoeker werkzaam
gz-psycholoog-psychotherapeut
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Melchior, K., van der Heiden, C. Metacognitieve therapie voor gegeneraliseerde angststoornis – De stand van zaken. DIRECT. THERAP. 31, 117–130 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12433-011-0009-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12433-011-0009-y