Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Computational Simulation, Bench Testing, and Modeling: Novel Tools to Strategize and Optimize Interventional Procedures

  • Intravascular Imaging (A.G. Truesdell, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Although simulation was adopted many years ago to complement training programs, more recently it has become an integral part of planning individual invasive procedures as well as understanding and developing new devices and techniques. Here, we review the different types of simulation and modeling and their impact on the field of interventional cardiology.

Recent Findings

Three-dimensional model printing has been employed to strategize complex structural procedures for various congenital heart defects and valvular heart diseases. Ex vivo bench testing permitted understanding the relationship of new technologies with neighboring structures and enabled the refinement of the devices and procedural steps themselves. In vitro simulation and computational analyzes have enhanced our understanding of flow dynamics in bifurcation diseases, transcatheter therapies, congenital defects, and predicting outcomes for transcatheter valve technologies and techniques.

Summary

Incorporating simulation, bench testing, computational analyzes, and three-dimensional modeling will enable the field of interventional cardiology to expand while optimizing techniques and maintaining best practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. • Vukicevic M, Mosadegh B, Min JK, Little SH. Cardiac 3D printing and its future directions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017 Feb;10(2):171-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.12.001. PMID: 28183437; PMCID: PMC5664227. Provides a thorough summary of the 3D Printing technology.

  2. •• Harb SC, Rodriguez LL, Vukicevic M, Kapadia SR, Little SH. Three-Dimensional Printing Applications in Percutaneous Structural Heart Interventions. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Oct;12(10):e009014. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009014. Epub 2019 Oct 9. Provides an overview of the clinical utilities of 3D printed models.

  3. Alasnag M, Sweidan R, Nosir Y, Bokhari F, Al-Shaibi K. 3-Dimensional modeling to plan tricuspid valve in valve in a patient with a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2020 Jun 5;6(9):588-590. doi: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.05.021. PMID: 32983872; PMCID: PMC7498512.

  4. Alasnag M, Al-Nasser I, Poqueddu M, Ahmed W, Al-Shaibi K. 3D model guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with aortic coarctation. JACC Case Rep. 2020;2:352–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Farooqi KM, Saeed O, Zaidi A, Sanz J, Nielsen JC, Hsu DT, et al. 3D printing to guide ventricular assist device placement in adults with congenital heart disease and heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2016 Apr;4(4):301–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2016.01.012.

  6. Wang DD, Eng M, Kupsky D, Myers E, Forbes M, Rahman M, et al. Application of 3-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Image Guidance to WATCHMAN Implantation and Impact on Early Operator Learning Curve: Single-Center Experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Nov 28;9(22):2329–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2016.07.038.

  7. Ooms JF, Wang DD, Rajani R, Redwood S, Little SH, Chuang ML, Popma JJ, Dahle G, Pfeiffer M, Kanda B, Minet M, Hirsch A, Budde RP, De Jaegere PP, Prendergast B, O'Neill W, Van Mieghem NM. Computed Tomography-Derived 3D Modeling to Guide Sizing and Planning of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Mar 11:S1936-878X(21)00146-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.12.034. Epub ahead of print.

  8. Wang DD, Qian Z, Vukicevic M, Engelhardt S, Kheradvar A, Zhang C, et al. 3D Printing, Computational Modeling, and Artificial Intelligence for Structural Heart Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jan;14(1):41–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.12.022 Epub 2020 Aug 26.

  9. • Chatzizisis YS. Complex cardiovascular interventions: visualization, planning, outcomes. JACC Case Reports 2019;1:124-6. Provides an example of the first cases when simulation was used to assist in cases.

  10. •• Antoniadis AP, Mortier P, Kassab G, Dubini G, Foin N, Murasato Y, et al. Biomechanical Modeling to Improve Coronary Artery Bifurcation Stenting: Expert Review Document on Techniques and Clinical Implementation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Aug 24;8(10):1281–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.06.015Provides descriptive explanation of modeling for bifurcation stenting. Provides an overview of the utility of bench testing in bifurcation stenting.

  11. •• Iles TL, Burzotta F, Lassen JF, Iaizzo PA. Stepwise visualisation of a provisional bifurcation stenting procedure - multimodal visualisation within a reanimated human heart utilising Visible Heart methodologies. EuroIntervention. 2020;16:e734–7 This is the main article describing the Visible Heart technology adopted by the consensus European Bifurcation Club document and used to train early career individuals.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. •• Burzotta F, Lassen JF, Lefèvre T, Banning AP, Chatzizisis YS, Johnson TW, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation coronary lesions: the 15th consensus document from the European Bifurcation Club. EuroIntervention. 2021;16(16):1307–17. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-20-00169This is the latest consensus document elaborated by the European Bifurcation Club.

  13. Sanchez JZ, Burzotta F, Valenzuela T, Lassen JF, Iles T, Iaizzo PA. Direct Visualization of TAVR-Related Coronary Artery Management Techniques in Reanimated Beating Hearts. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021 May 10;14(9):e87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2021.02.045.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Park C, Fan Y, Hager G, Yuk H, Singh M, Rojas A, Hameed A, Saeed M, Vasilyev NV, Steele TWJ, Zhao X, Nguyen CT, Roche ET. An organosynthetic dynamic heart model with enhanced biomimicry guided by cardiac diffusion tensor imaging. Sci Robot. 2020 Jan 29;5(38):eaay9106. doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.aay9106. PMID: 33022595; PMCID: PMC7545316.

  15. Genuardi L, Chatzizisis YS, Chiastra C, Sgueglia G, Samady H, Kassab GS, et al. Local fluid dynamics in patients with bifurcated coronary lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Cardiol J. 2021;28(2):321–9. https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2020.0024 Epub 2020 Feb 13.

  16. Schultz C, Rodriguez-Olivares R, Bosmans J, Lefèvre T, De Santis G, Bruining N, et al. Patient-specific image-based computer simulation for theprediction of valve morphology and calcium displacement after TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve and the Edwards SAPIEN valve. EuroIntervention. 2016 Jan 22;11(9):1044–52. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV11I9A212.

  17. Rocatello G, El Faquir N, De Santis G, Iannaccone F, Bosmans J, De Backer O, et al. Patient-Specific Computer Simulation to Elucidate the Role of Contact Pressure in the Development of New Conduction Abnormalities After Catheter-Based Implantation of a Self-Expanding Aortic Valve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2018 Feb;11(2):e005344. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005344.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiac Center King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 9862, Jeddah, 21159, Saudi Arabia

    Mirvat Alasnag & Khaled Al-Shaibi

  2. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Goran Stankovic

Authors
  1. Mirvat Alasnag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khaled Al-Shaibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Goran Stankovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mirvat Alasnag.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

None of the authors have any relevant conflicts of interest. This manuscript was not funded.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Topical Collection on Intravascular Imaging

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alasnag, M., Al-Shaibi, K. & Stankovic, G. Computational Simulation, Bench Testing, and Modeling: Novel Tools to Strategize and Optimize Interventional Procedures. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 14, 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-021-09553-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-021-09553-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation