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A Comparative Study on Hydrogeochemistry of Ken and Betwa Rivers of Bundelkhand Using Statistical Approach

Water Quality, Exposure and Health volume 2, pages 169–179 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

In this paper, we have studied the comparative hydrogeochemistry of the Ken and Betwa Rivers of Bundelkhand area, considering the importance of the Ken–Betwa River linking project (KBLP) in India. Factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) has been done to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water-quality parameters. All the physico-chemical parameters for both rivers are within the highest desirable or maximum permissible limit set by WHO (World Health Organization) except some anions viz. \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\), Cl−, \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) and F− at some sampling points. The Ken River showed a high spatial variability and significant ionic concentration due to the higher geological and pedological watershed richness as well as absence of pollution from anthropogenic point sources. The Betwa River showed a low spatial variability and higher mineralization due to the anthropogenic point sources that exist downstream. This preliminary study shows the spatio-temporal variability of the hydrogeochemical parameters of the Ken–Betwa River basin.

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Author notes

  1. Ram Avtar

    Present address: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Ce509, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

    Ram Avtar

  2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan

    Pankaj Kumar

  3. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ram Avtar, C. K. Singh & S. Mukherjee

Authors
  1. Ram Avtar
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  2. Pankaj Kumar
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  3. C. K. Singh
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  4. S. Mukherjee
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Correspondence to Ram Avtar.

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Avtar, R., Kumar, P., Singh, C.K. et al. A Comparative Study on Hydrogeochemistry of Ken and Betwa Rivers of Bundelkhand Using Statistical Approach. Water Qual Expo Health 2, 169–179 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-010-0035-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-010-0035-2

Keywords

  • Ken–Betwa River linking project (KBLP)
  • Principal component analysis (PCA)
  • Factor analysis
  • Land use/land cover
  • Rainfall