Zusammenfassung
Die Regierung Obama wurde energiepolitisch erheblich durch die Erhöhung der Öl- und Gasreserven und die stark gewachsenen Förderraten im Rahmen der Shale-Revolution begünstigt. In Abwesenheit eines bundesweiten Gesetzes und angesichts eines begrenzten legislativen Handlungsspielraums hat Obama durch die Nutzung von Exekutivverordnungen und der Environmental Protection Agency dennoch den Kraftstoffverbrauch von Fahrzeugen und den Ausstoß umweltschädlicher Emissionen begrenzen können und damit den Weg für eine weniger kohlenstoffintensive Energiewirtschaft in den USA bereitet.
Abstract
In its energy policy the Obama administration significantly benefitted from the increase in oil and gas reserves as well as the rising production levels brought about by the Shale-Revolution. Given the lack of a federal energy law during his presidency and limited political room to maneuver Obama mainly used executive orders and the Environmental Protection Agency to advance his energy policy goals. Doing so he managed to increase fuel efficiency standards and decrease emissions to pave the way for a less carbon-intensive energy economy in the United States.
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Notes
Diese Angaben beziehen sich auf die Nettoimporte der USA, also die Menge aller Importe, die mit der Menge der Exporte verrechnet wird.
Im Streitfall Massachusetts et al. v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hatten zwölf Bundesstaaten (u. a. Massachusetts), mehrere Städte und Organisationen die EPA verklagt, nachdem diese sich geweigert hatte, den Ausstoß von Kohlenstoffdioxid und anderen Treibhausgasen aus neuen Kraftfahrzeugen auf Basis des Clean Air Acts von 1963 als Schadstoffe zu klassifizieren und eine Richtlinie zur Regulierung dieser Schadstoffe zu erlassen. Dabei war zu entscheiden, ob die EPA auf Basis des Clean Air Acts zu einer solchen Festsetzung ermächtigt war oder – wie sie argumentierte – nicht. Der Supreme Court gab den Bundesstaaten Recht (siehe dazu auch Meltz 2007).
Der Clean Air Act ist ein amerikanisches Bundesgesetz aus dem Jahr 1963, um Luftverschmutzung auf nationaler Ebene zu kontrollieren. Es wies die Umweltschutzbehörde EPA an, Bestimmungen zum Schutz der Öffentlichkeit vor Luftverschmutzung zu entwickeln und umzusetzen.
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Liedtke, S. Paradigmenwechsel? Die amerikanische Energiepolitik in der Ära Obama. Z Außen Sicherheitspolit 10 (Suppl 2), 111–125 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12399-017-0622-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12399-017-0622-4