Abstract
Scientific research about geological and geomorphological heritage recently proved to be the base of new opportunities for tourism. The peculiar case of urban landscape analysis offers new frontiers to the traditional urban cultural tourism. The tourism offer based on natural aspects of urban areas is described in this paper thanks to three examples of urban geotourism tools: GeoGuide Lausanne, TOURinSTONES and GeoGuide Rome mobile applications. Each case focuses on the transfer of geoscientific knowledge from scientific research to the “tourist” content, with the innovative support of the mobile application technology. The apps contribute to the promotion of the links between cultural and geological heritages, which is the goal of urban geotourism: to convey the message that substrate profoundly influences the culture that is established on it. The mobile application technology has many strengths for interpretation, e.g. by overlaying images or adding sounds and videos, which allow the visitors to discover landforms now covered by buildings and infrastructures; it has also technical strengths, such as looking for additional information and organizing the city visit at home or to reexperience it after the trip. The apps do not have any impact on the field; they are concise, easy to read, interactive and funny. The public understanding of science is very important; it helps enhancing the role of the researchers and the impact of their work on the society and the daily lives of citizens. In this context, GeoGuide apps are useful to transfer knowledge and make it usable to people.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreotti G (1998) Alle origini del paesaggio culturale: aspetti di filologia e genealogia del paesaggio. Unicopli, Milano
Arouca Declaration (2011) Arouca Declaration on geotourism, November 12, 2011, http://www.europeangeoparks.org/?p=223 (accessed 15 January 2017)
Beck L, Cable T (2002) Interpretation for the 21st century. Fifteen guiding principles for interpreting nature and culture, 2nd edn. Sagamore, Champaign
Borghi A, Fiora L, Marcon C, Vaggelli G (2009) The Piedmont white marbles used in antiquity, an archaeometric distinction inferred by a minero-petrographic and C-O stable isotope study. Archaeometry 6:913–931
Borghi A, D’Atri A, Martire L, Castelli D, Costa E, Dino G, Favero Longo SE, Ferrando S, Gallo LM, Giardino M, Groppo C, Piervittori R, Rolfo F, Rossetti P, Vaggelli G (2014) Fragments of the Western Alpine chain as historic ornamental stones in Turin (Italy): enhancement of urban geological heritage through geotourism. Geoheritage 6:41–55. doi:10.1007/s12371-013-0091-7
Borghi A, Berra V, D’Atri A, Gino GA, Gallo LM, Giacobino E, Martire L, Massaro G, Vaggelli G, Bertok C, Castelli D, Costa E, Ferrando S, Groppo C, Rolfo F (2015) Stone materials used for monumental buildings in the historical centre of Turin (NW Italy): architectonic survey and petrographic characterization of Via Roma. In: Pereira D, Marker BR, Kramar S, Cooper BJ, Schouenborg BE (eds) Global heritage stone: towards international recognition of building and ornamental stones, vol 407. The Geological Society, Special publication, London, pp 201–218
Brilha J (2005) Património geológico e geoconservação: a conservação da natureza na sua vertente geológica. Palimage Editores, Viseu
Brilha J (2016) Inventory and quantitative assessment of geosites and geodiversity sites: a review. Geoheritage 8(2):119–134. doi:10.1007/s12371-014-0139-3
Buhay DN, Best LA (2015) Informal learning at Stonehammer and English Riviera Geoparks. Geoheritage 7(2):165–175
Cayla N (2014) An overview of new technologies applied to the management of geoheritage. Geoheritage 6:91–102. doi:10.1007/s12371-014-0113-0
Coratza P, Regolini-Bissig G (2009) Methods for mapping geomorphosites. In: Reynard E, Coratza P, Regolini-Bissig G (eds) Geomorphosites. Pfeil, Munich, pp 89–103
Côté A, Joly MC, Verner A (2009) Géotourisme urbain. Le cas de Montréal. Téoros 28(2):97–99
Del Lama EA, de La Corte BD, Martins L, da Glória Motta Garcia M, Kazumi Dehira L (2015) Urban geotourism and the old centre of São Paulo City, Brazil. Geoheritage 7:147–164. doi:10.1007/s12371-014-0119-7
Del Lama EA, Kazumi Dehira L, Grossi D, Kuzmickas L (2016) The colour of the granite that built the City of São Paulo, Brazil. Color Res Appl 41(3):241–245. doi:10.1002/col.22018
Del Monte M, Fredi P, Pica A, Vergari F (2013) Geosites within Rome City center (Italy): a mixture of cultural and geomorphological heritage. Geogr Fis Din Quat 36:241–257. doi:10.4461/GFDQ.2013.36
Del Monte M, Pica A, Vergeri F, Ciccacci S (2014) Historical Rome in the Tiber River Valley. Field Trip Guidebook IAEG XII Congress, Torino, 2014. Centro stampa Università, Editrice Sapienza, Roma
Del Monte M, D’Orefice M, Luberti GM, Marini R, Pica A, Vergari F (2016) Geomorphological classification of urban landscapes: the case study of Rome (Italy). J Maps 12:178–189
Dóniz-Páez J, Becerra-Ramírez R (2015) Geoturismo urbano en Puerto de la Cruz. In: Hilario A, Mendia M, Monge-Ganuzas M, Fernández E, Vegas J, Belmonte A (eds) Patrimonio geológico y geoparques, avances de un camino para todos. Publicaciones del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España Serie, Cuadernos Del Museo Geominero 18, Tenerife, Canarias, España
Dowling RK, Newsome D (eds) (2006) Geotourism: sustainability, impacts and management. Elsevier, Oxford
Düpmeier C, Ruchter M (2004) User interface architecture of a mobile guide for exploring the wild. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on HCI in Mobile Guides, vol 4, 6 p. Glasgow, UK,September 2004
Fanguin P (2014) Valorisation du géopatrimoine de la région de Thonon-les-Bains par l’élaboration d’un produit géotouristique. GéoDécouverte Thonon, une application mobile. Master’s Thesis. University of Lausanne, Lausanne
Fattori C, Mancinella D (2010) La conservazione del patrimonio geologico del Lazio. Materiali, modelli, esperienze. Edizioni ARP Agenzia Regionale Parchi, Roma
Ferrero E, Giardino M, Lozar F, Giordano E, Belluso E, Perotti L (2012) Geodiversity action plans for the enhancement of geoheritage in the Piemonte region (north-western Italy). Ann Geophys 55(3):487–495. doi:10.4401/ag-5527
Fiora L, Alciati L (2006) I marmi colorati del Piemonte. L’informatore del marmista 533:16–22
Fiora L, Audagnotti S (2001) Il Marmo di Chianocco e Foresto: caratterizzazione minero-petrografica ed utilizzi. In: Atti del 1 congresso nazionale di archeometria. Patron Editore, Bologna, pp 235–246
Fiora L, Ferrarese P (1998) I marmi verdi della Valle d’Aosta. L’informatore del marmista 37:6–14
Fiora L, Fornaro M, Manfredotti L (2000) Impiego della Sienite piemontese nell’arredo urbano. Quarry Lab Monument International Congress Proceedings 1:299–308
Fiora L, Alciati L, Borghi A, Callegari G, De Rossi A (2002a) Pietre piemontesi storiche e contemporanee. L’informatore del marmista 489:50–59
Fiora L, Alciati L, Costa E, Rolfo R, Sandrone R (2002b) La Bargiolina: pietra storica piemontese. L’informatore del marmista 486:6–16
Fiora L, Carando M, Sandrone R (2007) Multimedia petrographic guide of the city of Torino, Italy. Per Miner 76:91–97
Frey ML (2012) Vulkaneifel, a role model for the European & Global Geoparks Network. Proceedings of the Contact Forum “Geoheritage, Geoconservation & Geotourism”, Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, pp 31–44
Gavalas D, Kasapakis V, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G, Vathis N (2016) Scenic route planning for tourists. Pers Ubiquit Comput 21(1):137–155. doi:10.1007/s00779-016-0971-3
Giordan A (1991) La modélisation dans l’enseignement et la vulgarisation des sciences. Impact: science et société 41(4):337–355
Gordon JE (2012) Rediscovering a sense of wonder: Geoheritage, geotourism and cultural landscape experiences. Geoheritage 4:65–77
Gray M (2004) Geodiversity. Valuing and conserving abiotic nature. Wiley, Chichester
Gregori L, Melelli L (2005) Geotourism and geomorphosites: the G.I.S. solution. Il Quaternario 18(1):283–290
Haller R, Burghardt D, Weibel R (2005) WebPark–neue Wege mit mobilen Lösungen in Tourismusgebieten. Géomatique Suisse 5:242–245
Henriques MH, Tomaz C, Sá A (2012) The Arouca Geopark (Portugal) as an educational resource: a case study. Episodes 35(4):481–488
Hose TA (1995) Selling the story of Britain’s stone. Environ Int 10(2):16–17
Hose TA (1996) Geotourism, or can tourists become casual rock hounds? In: Bennett MR, Doyle P, Larwood JG, Prosser CP (eds) Geology at your doorstep: the role of urban geology in Earth heritage conservation. The Geological Society, London, pp 207–228
Hose TA (2000) European geotourism—geological interpretation and geoconservation promotion for tourists. In: Barretino D, Wimbledon WP, Gallego E (eds) Geological heritage: its conservation and management. Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de Espana, Madrid, pp 127–146
Hose TA (2008) Towards a history of geotourism: definitions, antecedents, and the future. In: Burek CV, Prosser CD (eds) The history of geoconservation. London, Special Publication, The Geological Society, pp 37–60
Hose TA (2012) 3G’s for modern geotourism. Geoheritage 4:7–24
Hose TA (2016a) Geotourism in Britain and Europe: historical and modern perspectives. In: Hose TA (ed) Geoheritage and geotourism. A European perspective. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, pp 152–171
Hose TA (2016b) Three centuries (1670–1970) of appreciating physical landscapes. In: Hose TA (ed) Appreciating physical landscapes: three hundred years of geotourism, vol 417. The Geological Society, Special Publications, London, pp 1–22
Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Economou D (2011a) Electronic mobile guides: a survey. Pers Ubiquit Comput 15(1):97–111
Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Economou D (2011b) Mytilene E-guide: a multiplatform mobile application tourist guide exemplar. Multimed Tools Appl 54(2):241–262. doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0519-x
Kounavis CD, Kasimati AE, Zamani ED (2012) Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: challenges and prospects. Int J Eng Bus Manag 4:1–6
Lamich D, Marschalko M, Yilmaz I, Bednářová P, Niemiec D, Durďák J, Kubečka K, Duda R (2016) Utilization of engineering geology in geo-tourism: few case studies of subsidence influence on historical churches in Ostrava-Karvina District (Czech Republic). Environ Earth Sci 75:128. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4993-3
Larwood JG, Prosser CF (1996) The nature of the urban geological resource: an overview. In: Bennett MR et al (eds) Geology at your doorstep: the role of urban geology in Earth heritage conservation. The Geological Society, London, pp 18–30
Martin S, Regolini-Bissig G, Perret A, Kozlik L (2010) Elaboration et évaluation de produits géotouristiques. Propositions méthodologiques. Téoros 29(2):55–66
Massaro G (2013) Studio petrografico di rocce sedimentary utilizzate come materiali lapidei nell’architettura storica della città di Torino. MSc Thesis. University of Turin, Turin
Palacio-Prieto JL (2015) Geoheritage within cities: urban geosites in Mexico City. Geoheritage 7:365–373. doi:10.1007/s12371-014-0136-6
Panizza M (2001) Geomorphosites: concepts, methods and example of geomorphological survey. Chin Sci Bull 46(Suppl. Bd):4–6
Panizza M, Piacente S (2003) Geomorfologia culturale. Pitagora, Bologna
Peretti L (1937) Le pietre da costruzione e da ornamentazione nel primo tratto della nuova Via Roma in Torino. Marmi, Pietre e Graniti 15:1–15
Perez-Monserrat EM, Buergo MA, Gomes-Heras M, Muriel MJV, Gonzalez RF (2013) An urban geomonumental route focusing on the petrological and decay features of traditional building stones used in Madrid, Spain. Environ Earth Sci 69:1071–1084
Pica A, Grangier L, Reynard E, Kaiser C, Del Monte M (2016a) GeoguideRome, urban geotourism offer powered by mobile application technology. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 18, EGU General Assembly 2016
Pica A, Vergari F, Fredi P, Del Monte M (2016b) The Aeterna Urbs geomorphological heritage (Rome, Italy). Geoheritage 8:31–42. doi:10.1007/s12371-015-0150-3
Poretti G, Borghi A, D’Atri A, Dino GA, Fernando S, Groppo C, Martire L, Accattino E, Favero Longo SE, Piervittori R, Rolfo F (2015) The stone bridges on the Po River at Turin (NW Italy): a scientific dissemination approach for the development of urban geological heritage. In: Lollino G et al (eds) Engineering geology for society and territory, vol 8. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 207–211. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_46
Portal C (2010) Reliefs et patrimoine géomorphologique. Applications aux parcs naturels de la façade atlantique européenne. PhD Thesis. University of Nantes, Nantes
Pralong JP (2006a) Geotourism: a new form of tourism utilising natural landscapes and based on imagination and emotion. Tour Rev 61(3):20–25. doi:10.1108/eb058476
Pralong JP (2006b) Géotourisme et utilisation de sites naturels d’intérêt pour les sciences de la Terre. Les régions de Crans-Montana-Sierre (Valais, Alpes suisses) et Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, Alpes françaises). PhD Thesis, University of Lausanne. Available at https://doc.rero.ch/record/6171/files/These_PralongJP.pdf, accessed 17 August 2016
Přikryl R, Török Á (eds) (2010) Natural stone resources for historical monuments, vol 333. The Geological Society, Special Publication, London
Reynard E (2005) Géomorphosites et paysages. Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement 3:181–188
Reynard E, Coratza P (2013) Scientific research on geomorphosites. A review of the activities of the IAG working group on geomorphosites over the last twelve years. Geogr Fis Din Quat 36:159–168
Reynard E, Coratza P, Regolini-Bissig G (eds) (2009) Geomorphosites. Pfeil, Munich
Reynard E, Hobléa F, Cayla N, Gauchon C (2011) Iconic sites for Alpine geology and geomorphology. Rediscovering heritage? Revue de géographie alpine 99(2) [on-line]. http://rga.revues.org/index1435.html (accessed 15 January 2017)
Reynard E, Kaiser C, Martin S, Regolini G (2015) An application for geosciences communication by smartphones and tablets. In: Lollino G et al (eds) Engineering geology for society and territory, vol 8. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 265–268. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_46
Robinson E (1982) A geological walk around the City of London—royal exchange to Aldgate. Proc Geol Assoc 93:225–246
Robinson E (1984) Illustrated geological walks, vol 1. Scottish Academic Press, London
Robinson E (1985) Illustrated geological walks, vol 2. Scottish Academic Press, London
Rodrigues ML, Machado CR, Freire E (2011) Geotourism routes in urban areas: a preliminary approach to the Lisbon geoheritage survey. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 8(2):281–294 Available at: http://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-2-2011/12_100_ Rodrigues.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2016
Sacco F (1907) Geologia applicata della città di Torino. Giornale Geologia Pratica 5:121–162
Sauer CO (1925) The morphology of landscape. Univ Calif Publ Geogr 2:19–53
Sorrentino F, Spano L, Scateni R (2015) Superavatar children and mobile tourist guides become friends using superpowered avatars. In: Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL), 2015 International Conference on (Nov 2015), pp. 222–226. doi:10.1109/IMCTL.2015.7359591
Theler D, Reynard E (2006) L’eau en ville: Lausanne. Atlas hydrologique de la Suisse, Berne (Excursions hydrologiques en Suisse 3.1)
Tilden F (1957) Interpreting our heritage. Principles and practices for visitor services in parks, museums, and historic places. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill
Umanets A, Ferreira A, Leite N (2014) GuideMe—a tourist guide with a recommender system and social interaction. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Electronics, Telecommunications and Computers 2013. Procedia Technology 17:407–414. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2014.10.248
Various Authors (2009–2013) Collection Balades géologiques en ville. http://www.geosoc.fr/boutique-en-ligne/collection-balades-geologiques.html, visited April 2017
Wang D, Park S, Fesenmaier DR (2012) The role of smartphones in mediating the touristic experience. J Travel Res 51(4):371–387
Wimbledon WA (2011) Geosites—a mechanism for protection, integrating national and international valuation of heritage sites. Geologia dell’Ambiente Suppl Bd 2:13–25
Gomez-Heras M, Smith BJ, Viles HA (2010) Oxford stone revisited: causes and consequences of diversity in building limestone used in the historic centre of Oxford, England. In: Přikryl R, Török Á (eds) Natural stone resources for historical monuments, vol 333. The Geological Society, Special Publications, London, pp 101–110
Acknowledgements
The Faculty of Geosciences and Environment of the University of Lausanne is thanked for financial support provided for the technical and methodological development of the first version of the GeoGuide application. The Institute of Geography and Sustainability is thanked for providing technical support and working places for the researchers of Rome and Turin. Géraldine Regolini and Simon Martin (Relief company) are acknowledged for their participation to the methodological development of the first version of the GeoGuide Lausanne.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pica, A., Reynard, E., Grangier, L. et al. GeoGuides, Urban Geotourism Offer Powered by Mobile Application Technology. Geoheritage 10, 311–326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-017-0237-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-017-0237-0