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Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots
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  • Original Paper
  • Open Access
  • Published: 20 November 2008

Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots

  • Christoph Bartneck1,
  • Dana Kulić2,
  • Elizabeth Croft3 &
  • …
  • Susana Zoghbi3 

International Journal of Social Robotics volume 1, pages 71–81 (2009)Cite this article

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Abstract

This study emphasizes the need for standardized measurement tools for human robot interaction (HRI). If we are to make progress in this field then we must be able to compare the results from different studies. A literature review has been performed on the measurements of five key concepts in HRI: anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety. The results have been distilled into five consistent questionnaires using semantic differential scales. We report reliability and validity indicators based on several empirical studies that used these questionnaires. It is our hope that these questionnaires can be used by robot developers to monitor their progress. Psychologists are invited to further develop the questionnaires by adding new concepts, and to conduct further validations where it appears necessary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Christoph Bartneck

  2. Nakamura & Yamane Lab, Department of Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    Dana Kulić

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Room 2054, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Elizabeth Croft & Susana Zoghbi

Authors
  1. Christoph Bartneck
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  2. Dana Kulić
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  4. Susana Zoghbi
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Correspondence to Christoph Bartneck.

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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

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Bartneck, C., Kulić, D., Croft, E. et al. Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots. Int J of Soc Robotics 1, 71–81 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-008-0001-3

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  • Received: 01 July 2008

  • Accepted: 28 October 2008

  • Published: 20 November 2008

  • Issue Date: January 2009

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-008-0001-3

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Keywords

  • Human factors
  • Robot
  • Perception
  • Measurement
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