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Temporal Expression Pattern of Bolting-Related Genes During Vernalization in Sugar Beet

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Abstract

To screen candidate marker genes implicated in vernalization, bolting-related agronomic traits and the expression of genes homologous to the bolting and flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in KWS9147 during 16-week (w) chilling. Bolting-related agronomic traits showed that less than 10-w chilling was not sufficient for bolting. A transitional period was determined between 10 and 14 weeks when vernalization time was enough for bolting in some seedlings. After 14-w chilling, nearly all seedlings were well vernalized. At the transcriptional level, the expression of 19 candidate genes was significantly changed in response to chilling (change fold > 2 and P value < 0.05). In particular, three genes (BvGI, BvBTC1 and BvFVE1) were notable, as their expression continuously increased or decreased during 8–16-w chilling, when BI and BD were significantly changed. On the basis of correlation analysis, a co-expression network containing two modules was constructed. BvGI, BvBTC1 and BvFVE1 were located at the centre of the first module, which co-expressed with the other 3 photoperiodic genes. In the second module, BvFT1 and BvFT2 were associated with BvLHY, BvGATA22 and BvFVE2. Our study on the temporal expression pattern of bolting and flowering-related genes during vernalization provides valuable information for preliminary screening of key regulators and may facilitate the future molecular breeding of vernalization-insensitive varieties.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Provincial Universities Basal Research Project in Heilongjiang Province (RCCXYJ201810), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-170111), and the Project of Species and National Sugar Beet Germplasm Resources Platform (NICGR-2019-017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhi Pi, Wang Xing, Yi Zou & Zedong Wu

  2. Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhi Pi, Wang Xing, Jiali Long, Yi Zou & Zedong Wu

  3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, China

    Xiangming Zhu

  4. College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, China

    Jiali Long

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  1. Zhi Pi
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Correspondence to Zedong Wu.

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Pi, Z., Xing, W., Zhu, X. et al. Temporal Expression Pattern of Bolting-Related Genes During Vernalization in Sugar Beet. Sugar Tech 23, 146–157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00886-z

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