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The role of cardiac imaging in the management of non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases in human immunodeficiency virus infection

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Aims and scope

Abstract

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become the pandemic of the new century. About 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy in 1996 has dramatically changed the global landscape of HIV care, resulting in significantly improved survival and changing HIV to a chronic disease. With near-normal life expectancy, contemporary cardiac care faces multiple challenges of cardiovascular diseases, disorders specific to HIV/AIDS, and those related to aging and higher prevalence of traditional risk factors. Non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases are major components of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS. Non-invasive cardiac imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of these diseases. This review summarizes the non-ischemic presentation of the HIV cardiovascular spectrum focusing on the role of cardiac imaging in the management of these disorders.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ART:

Antiretroviral therapy

CMP:

Cardiomyopathy

18FDG:

18-fluorodeoxyglucose

GBPS:

Gating with blood pool SPECT (GBPS)

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HFpEF:

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

HFrEF:

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

123I-MIBG:

123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine

TTPF:

Time to the peak filling

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Disclosures

Dr. Diwakar Jain is on the speaker bureau of Astellas, and has received consultancy from Astellas and Regeneron. Dr. Girish Dwivedi is on the speaker’s bureau of Astra Zeneca and Amgen. Drs. Ahmed Aljizeeri, Gary Small, Saurabh Malhotra, Ronny Buechel, and Mouaz H. Al-Mallah have nothing to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affaire, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Aljizeeri MBBS, FACC, FASNC

  2. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Aljizeeri MBBS, FACC, FASNC

  3. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Aljizeeri MBBS, FACC, FASNC

  4. Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Gary Small MB, BCh, BSc, PhD, MRCP

  5. Division of Cardiology, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA

    Saurabh Malhotra MD, MPH, FASNC

  6. Division of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA

    Saurabh Malhotra MD, MPH, FASNC

  7. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Ronny Buechel MD

  8. Division of Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA

    Diwakar Jain MD, FACC, MASNC

  9. Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia

    Girish Dwivedi MRCP(UK), PhD, FASE, FESC, FRACP

  10. Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia

    Girish Dwivedi MRCP(UK), PhD, FASE, FESC, FRACP

  11. The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Girish Dwivedi MRCP(UK), PhD, FASE, FESC, FRACP

  12. Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Smith-19, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Mouaz H. Al-Mallah MD, MSc, FASNC

Authors
  1. Ahmed Aljizeeri MBBS, FACC, FASNC
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  2. Gary Small MB, BCh, BSc, PhD, MRCP
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  3. Saurabh Malhotra MD, MPH, FASNC
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  4. Ronny Buechel MD
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  5. Diwakar Jain MD, FACC, MASNC
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  6. Girish Dwivedi MRCP(UK), PhD, FASE, FESC, FRACP
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  7. Mouaz H. Al-Mallah MD, MSc, FASNC
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Correspondence to Mouaz H. Al-Mallah MD, MSc, FASNC.

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Aljizeeri, A., Small, G., Malhotra, S. et al. The role of cardiac imaging in the management of non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 27, 801–818 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-019-01676-1

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