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Meta-analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Aims and scope

Abstract

Background

The current diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on the modified Duke criteria, which has approximately 80% sensitivity for the diagnosis of native valve endocarditis (NVE), with lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and culture-negative endocarditis. There is preliminary evidence that 18F-FDG PET/CT is an adjunctive diagnostic test with high accuracy reported in small studies to date. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the use of PET/CT in the diagnosis of IE to establish a more precise estimate of accuracy.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, and www.clinicaltrials.gov were searched from January 1990 to April 2017 for studies evaluating the accuracy of PET/CT for the evaluation of possible IE.

Results

We identified 13 studies involving 537 patients that were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of PET/CT for diagnosis of IE was 76.8% (95% CI 71.8–81.4%; Q = 39.9, P < 0.01; I2 = 69.9%) and the pooled specificity was 77.9% (95% CI 71.9–83.2%; Q = 44.42, P < 0.01; I2 = 73.0%). Diagnostic accuracy was improved for PVE with sensitivity of 80.5% (95% CI 74.1–86.0%; Q = 25.5, P < 0.01; I2 = 72.5%) and specificity of 73.1% (95% CI 63.8–81.2%; Q = 32.1, P < 0.01; I2 = 78.2%). Additional extracardiac foci of infection were found on 17% of patients on whole body PET/CT.

Conclusion

PET/CT is a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in the evaluation of diagnostically challenging cases of IE, particularly in prosthetic valve endocarditis. It also has the potential to detect clinically relevant extracardiac foci of infection, malignancy, and other sources of inflammation leading to more appropriate treatment regimens and surgical intervention.

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Abbreviations

IE:

Infective endocarditis

PET:

Positron-emission tomography

CT:

Computed tomography

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Disclosures

LMB received royalty payments for authorship duties from UpToDate, Inc. MRS received honoraria/consulting fee from Medtronic Inc., Spectranetics, and Boston Scientific Corporation (All < US$10 K). MM, PC, SA, SF, ATK, and JCO received research grants from Medtronic Inc. They had no relationship with industry. The authors affirm that all institutional or corporate affiliations, financial disclosures, and conflicts of interest have been disclosed above.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Maryam Mahmood MbChB, Saira Ajmal MD, Saira Farid MD, John C. O’Horo MD, MPH, Larry M. Baddour MD & M. Rizwan Sohail MD

  2. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Ayse Tuba Kendi MD

  3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    John C. O’Horo MD, MPH

  4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA

    Panithaya Chareonthaitawee MD, Larry M. Baddour MD & M. Rizwan Sohail MD

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  1. Maryam Mahmood MbChB
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Correspondence to Maryam Mahmood MbChB.

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Mahmood, M., Kendi, A.T., Ajmal, S. et al. Meta-analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 26, 922–935 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-1092-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-1092-8

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