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Preterm Birth Alters the Regional Development and Structural Covariance of Cerebellum at Term-Equivalent Age

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Abstract

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk for a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities. The cerebellum is implicated in a wide range of cognitive functions extending beyond sensorimotor control and plays an increasingly recognized role in brain development. Morphometric studies based on volume analyses have revealed impaired cerebellar development in preterm infants. However, the structural covariance between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex has not been studied during the neonatal period, and the extent to which structural covariance is affected by preterm birth remains unknown. In this study, using the structural MR images of 52 preterm infants scanned at term-equivalent age and 312 full-term controls from the Developing Human Connectome Project, we compared volumetric growth, local cerebellum shape development and cerebello-cerebral structural covariance between the two groups. We found that although there was no significant difference in the overall volume measurements between preterm and full-term infants, the shape measurements were different. Compared with the control infants, preterm infants had significantly larger thickness in the vermis and lower thickness in the lateral portions of the bilateral cerebral hemispheres. The structural covariance between the cerebellum and frontal and parietal lobes was significantly greater in preterm infants than in full-term controls. The findings in this study suggested that cerebellar development and cerebello-cerebral structural covariance may be affected by premature birth.

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Data Availability

Data used in this study was acquired from the second release of the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP, http://www.developingconnectome.org/).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Developing Human Connectome Project. The dHCP project was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FR/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 319456.

Funding

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2021QH052) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31771328).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China

    Feifei Xu, Yu Wang, Wenjun Wang, Wenjia Liang, Yuchun Tang & Shuwei Liu

  2. Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China

    Feifei Xu, Yu Wang, Wenjun Wang, Wenjia Liang, Yuchun Tang & Shuwei Liu

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  1. Feifei Xu
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Contributions

Conceptualization: S.L., Y.T.; Formal analysis: F.X., Y.W.; Investigation: F.X., W.W.; Visualization: F.X., W.L.; Writing—original draft preparation: F.X., Y.W., W.W., W.L.; Writing—review and editing: F.X., Y.T.; Funding acquisition: F.X., S.L.; Supervision: S.L., Y.T..

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Correspondence to Shuwei Liu.

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Ethical Approval

Data used in this study was acquired from the developing Human Connectome Project. This project was approved by the National Research Ethics Committee; REC: 14/Lo/1169), and written informed consent was obtained from all participating families before imaging.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Xu, F., Wang, Y., Wang, W. et al. Preterm Birth Alters the Regional Development and Structural Covariance of Cerebellum at Term-Equivalent Age. Cerebellum (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-024-01691-0

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