Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, M. Bologna, upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- ET:
-
Essential tremor
- FTMTRS:
-
Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
References
Passaretti M, et al. Worsening of essential tremor after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cerebellum. 2023;22:155–8.
Passaretti M, et al. Reply to “Intensification of an essential tremor by SARS-CoV-2.” The Cerebellum. 2023;22:483–4.
Bhatia KP, et al. Consensus statement on the classification of tremors. From the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord. 2018;33:75–87.
Angelini L, et al. Longitudinal study of clinical and neurophysiological features in essential tremor. Eur J Neurol. 2023;30(3):631–40.
Elble RJ, Brilliant M, Leffler K, Higgins C. Quantification of essential tremor in writing and drawing. Mov Disord. 1996;11:70–8.
Louis ED, Gillman A, Boschung S, Hess CW, Yu Q, Pullman SL. High width variability during spiral drawing: further evidence of cerebellar dysfunction in essential tremor. Cerebellum. 2012;11:872–979.
Michalec M, Hernandez N, Clark LN, Louis ED. The spiral axis as a clinical tool to distinguish essential tremor from dystonia cases. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:541–4.
Garg RK, Paliwal VK, Gupta A. Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: a review. J Med Virol. 2021;93:206–22.
Bohmwald K, Gálvez NMS, Ríos M, Kalergis AM. Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:386.
Vanderheiden A, Klein RS. Neuroinflammation and COVID-19. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022;76: 102608.
Matschke J, et al. Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:919–29.
Helmich RC, Toni I, Deuschl G, Bloem BR. The pathophysiology of essential tremor and Parkinson’s tremor. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013;13:378.
Akiyama S, Hamdeh S, Micic D, Sakuraba A. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80:384–91.
Brito-Zerón P, et al. Post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39:57–65.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the patients for their participation in this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Davide Costa, Daniele Birreci, Massimiliano Passaretti, Luca Angelini, Donato Colella, Antonio Cannavacciuolo and Giulia Paparella. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Davide Costa and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
Experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committee. Written informed consent to participate in the study was provided by all participants.
Competing Interests
I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Costa, D., Birreci, D., Passaretti, M. et al. One-Year Follow-Up on Essential Tremor Worsening After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Series of Two Cases. Cerebellum (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-023-01598-2
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-023-01598-2