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New insights on seismic activity in the southeastern Korean Peninsula from the Gyeongju Hi-density Broadband Seismic Network (GHBSN)

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Abstract

The 2016 magnitude (MW) 5.5 Gyeongju earthquake, which occurred in Korea near assumed epicenters of several substantial historical earthquakes and Quaternary fault segments, underscores the importance of seismic hazard assessment in the region. However, uncertainties about potential seismic sources make evaluating the potential for a moderate-to-large earthquake challenging. Microearthquake monitoring through a dense seismic network can provide crucial insights into the regional seismic characteristics. An extensive temporary seismic array known as the Gyeongju Hi-density Broadband Seismic Network (GHBSN) was established to investigate microearthquake activity in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. This included the zone of aftershocks from the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake sequence. The GHBSN comprises 200 broadband stations located at approximately 4.5 km intervals in an area of approximately 60 × 60 km2 around the epicenter of the mainshock. A total of 4,773 events were detected from November 2017 to December 2021, including 3,935 events within the GHBSN. The detected events were categorized into five seismic regions excluding quarry blasting sites, that is, the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake region, eastern part of the Ulsan Fault, 2017 Pohang earthquake region, eastern offshore Gyeongju, and western part of the Miryang Fault. A local magnitude scale was developed for the southeastern Korean Peninsula using events detected through the GHBSN. This reflects the distance attenuation and site conditions of the GHBSN stations for earthquakes. An event catalog was created using two automatic detection methods based on the measurement of the energy ratio. This provided high-resolution hypocenter parameters at a completeness magnitude (MC) of 0.0 despite the seismic environment of the network being exposed to high cultural noise. The Gutenberg-Richter b-value was estimated as 0.82 ± 0.02 for all events and 1.01 ± 0.02 for those inside GHBSN. This implies that the seismicity reflects a representative intraplate seismic environment. Testing the obtainability of the focal mechanism solutions showed that the GHBSN outperformed the regional network. Depending on the relationship between the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes, a relatively large number of small earthquakes can provide detailed information on the geometric properties of the causative faults and the state of the acting stress. High-precision microearthquake observation and analysis through GHBSN could provide an unprecedented opportunity with seismic datasets to understand the seismogenesis of the southeastern Korean Peninsula, including the zone of aftershocks of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Program through the Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety (KoFONS), using financial resources granted by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) of the Republic of Korea (No. 1705010, 2203023). The authors thank Associate Editor Tae-Kyung Hong and the two reviewers for their valuable comments, which helped improve our manuscript.

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  1. Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea

    Dabeen Heo, Tae-Seob Kang, Minook Kim & Byeong Seok Ahn

  2. Department of Structure and Site Evaluation, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea

    Minook Kim

  3. Earthquake Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea

    Hobin Lim

  4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Jaeseoung Han, Junkee Rhie & YoungHee Kim

  5. Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Kwang-Hee Kim

  6. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea

    Jin-Han Ree

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Heo, D., Kang, TS., Kim, M. et al. New insights on seismic activity in the southeastern Korean Peninsula from the Gyeongju Hi-density Broadband Seismic Network (GHBSN). Geosci J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-024-0003-7

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