Abstract
A strategy to transport freshwater mixed with seawater in the Gyeongin-Ara Waterway was established to improve and maintain the water quality. Saline water in a canal can cause its spread into the surrounding aquifer and therefore a groundwater monitoring system is essential to detect this phenomenon. Thirty-four monitoring wells were proposed based on the distribution of the chloride concentration estimated with a numerical model, and 29 wells were finally constructed as close to the proposed sites as possible. Multi-depth monitoring sensors were installed at 11 wells to measure the vertical spread of saline water. Principal component analysis and a comparison of actual measurements and model-estimated values for electric conductivity showed that the locations of the monitoring wells were appropriate for detecting the salinity spreading in groundwater.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, R., Lebbe, L., van Holland, G., de Vleeschauwer, P., van Crombrugge, W., and Sas, M., 2010, Dealing with salt intrusion and water shortage in the Seine Scheldt West Connection. 32nd PIANC MMX Congress, Liverpool, May 10–14, p. 15.
Barlow, P.M., 2003, Ground water in freshwater-saltwater environments of the Atlantic Coast. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, 113 p.
Barlow, P.M. and Reichard, E.G., 2010, Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America. Hydrogeology Journal, 18, 247–260.
Choi, W.G., 2007, Changes of the local environment at the north-west coast due to reclamation in Incheon. Proceedings of the Korean Geographical Society, Cheongju city, Jun. 1–2, p. 267–270.
Chae, U.C., Kim, B.K., Choi, S.J., Yun, U., and Jin, M.S., 1995, Geologic map of Gimpo-Incheon region. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34 p.
De Franco, R., Biella, G., Tosi, L., Teatini, P., Lozej, A., Chiozzotto, B., Giada, M., Rizzetto, F., Claude, C., Mayer, A., Bassan, V., and Gasparetto-Stori, G., 2009, Monitoring the saltwater intrusion by time lapse electrical resistivity tomography: the Chioggia test site (Venice Lagoon, Italy). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 69, 117–130.
Demirel, Z., 2004, The history and evaluation of saltwater intrusion into a coastal aquifer in Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management, 70, 275–282.
De Wiest, R.J.M., 1998, Ghyben-Herzberg theory. Encyclopedia of Hydrology and Lakes, Encyclopedia of Earth Science, Part 7, p. 340–341.
Helsel, D.R. and Hirsch, R.M., 2002, Statistical methods in water resources. USGS Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 4, Chapter A3, USGS, Reston, 510 p.
Konikow, L.F. and Reilly, T.E., 1999, Seawater intrusion in the United States. In: Bear, J., Cheng, A.H.-D., Sorek, S., Ouazar, D., and Herrera, I. (eds.), Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers — Concepts, Methods, and Practices. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 463–506.
Kruse, S.E., Brudzinski, M.R., and Geib, T.L., 1998, Use of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to map seawater intrusion near the Cross-Florida Barge Canal. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 4, 331–340.
K-water, 2009, Report on the environmental impact assessment for the Gyeongin-Ara Waterway Project: navigation Canal Part. Seoul, 450 p.
K-water, 2012, Research on the change in groundwater characteristics near the Gyeongin-Ara Waterway. Daejeon, 173 p.
Langevin, C.D., 2009, SEAWAT: a computer program for simulation of variable-density groundwater flow and multi-species solute and heat transport. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3047, 2 p.
McDonald, M.G. and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A Modular, Three-dimensional Finite-difference Groundwater Flow Model, Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, Book 6. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 586 p.
Mastrocicco, M., Giambastiani, B.M.S., Severi, P., and Colombani, N., 2012, The importance of data acquisition techniques in saltwater intrusion monitoring. Water Resources Management, 26, 2851–2866.
Melloul, A.J. and Goldenberg, L.C., 1997, Monitoring of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: basic and local concerns. Journal of Environmental Management, 51, 73–86.
Paniconi, C., Khlaifi, I., Lecca, G., Giacomelli, A., and Tarhouni, J., 2001, Modeling and analysis of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of eastern Cap-Bon, Tunisia. Transport in Porous Media, 43, 3–28.
Snedden, G.A., 2014, Forcing functions governing salt transport processes in coastal navigation canals and connectivity to surrounding wetland landscapes in South Louisiana using Houma Navigation Canal as a surrogate. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA, OCS Study BOEM 2014-607, 84 p.
Werner, A.D., Bakker, M., Post, V.E.A., Vandenbohede, A., Lu, C., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Simmons, C.T., and Barry, D.A., 2013, Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: recent advances and future challenges. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 3–26.
Wu, J., Xue, Y., Liu, P., Wang, J., Jiang, Q., and Shi, H., 1993, Sea-water intrusion in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay, China: 2. Sea-water intrusion monitoring. Ground Water, 31, 740–745.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, DG., Shin, KH. & Kim, GB. Suitability analysis of saline water intrusion monitoring wells near a waterway based on a numerical model and electric conductivity time series. Geosci J 22, 807–824 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-018-0001-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-018-0001-8