Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the defense signaling during pathogen interaction in plants. Quick wilt disease is a devastating disease of black pepper, and leads to sudden mortality of pepper vines in plantations. In this study, the role of nitric oxide was studied during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper variety Panniyur-1. Nitric oxide was detected from the different histological sections of P. capsici infected leaves. Furthermore, the genome-wide transcriptome analysis characterized typical domain architect and structural features of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1) gene that are involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis in black pepper. Despite the upregulation of nitrate reductase (Pn1_NR), a reduced expression of Pn1_NOA1 was detected in the P. capsici infected black pepper leaf. Subsequent sRNAome-assisted in silico analysis revealed possible microRNA mediated regulation of Pn1_NOA mRNAs. Furthermore, sRNA/miRNA mediated cleavage on Pn1_NOA1 mRNA was validated through modified 5' RLM RACE experiments. Several hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in stress response was detected from the promoter regions of Pn_NOA1, Pn_NR1 and Pn_NR2 genes. Our results revealed the role of nitric oxide during stress response of P. capsici infection in black pepper, and key genes involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis and their post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
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Acknowledgements
S. Asha and V. Mallika gratefully acknowledge the Research Fellowship from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (Award numbers: 1060931192/20-6/2009(i)EU-IV; 09/716(0178)/2018-EMR-1) (CSIR), Government of India. KD gratefully acknowledge the Research Fellowship from Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (Award no:DBT/JRF/13/AL/524). This work was supported by the financial support from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi. We also thank the staffs of confocal facility of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology for their technical assistance in the histological studies.
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AS and EVS designed the work. AS, DK, MV performed the experiments and data analysis. AS wrote the paper and all authors read the paper.
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12298_2024_1414_MOESM1_ESM.jpg
Supplementary Fig. 1: Sequence alignment of Pn1_NRs (Pn1_NR1 & Pn1_NR2) with A. thaliana NRs. Significant domains are highlighted. (JPG 3681 kb)
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Supplementary Fig. 3: Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Pn1_NOA1 and Pn1_NR genes upon in the roots of P. capsici infected (24hpi) black pepper plants. (TIF 136 kb)
12298_2024_1414_MOESM5_ESM.xlsx
Supplementary Table 1: The sequence details of the primers used in the study. Supplementary Table 2: Expression of Pn1_NOA1 and Pn1_NR transcripts during P. capsici infection in black pepper leaf. Supplementary Table 3: The raw data of qPCR analysis of Pn1_NOA1 and Pn1_NR. Supplementary Table 4: Black pepper sRNAs potential to target Pn1_NOA1 mRNAs. Supplementary Table 5: Novel miRNAs predicted to target Pn1_NOA1 mRNAs. Supplementary Table 6: Distribution of cis-elements in the promoter regions of Pn_NOA1 and Pn_NR genes. (XLSX 139 kb)
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Asha, S., Kattupalli, D., Vijayanathan, M. et al. Identification of nitric oxide mediated defense signaling and its microRNA mediated regulation during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 30, 33–47 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z