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Leaf-buds of Pistacia atlantica: a novel source of bioactive molecules with high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial properties

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial property of P. atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica leaf-bud extract have been investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined in vivo by reducing carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice, while the antiradical function was evaluated using DPPH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduction power assays. The extract induced a significant reduction of the edema, from 1 to 6 h in a dose-dependent manner (150, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Histological observations of the inflamed tissues also confirmed this. An effective antioxidant activity of the plant samples was demonstrated, showing an EC50 = 0.183 ± 0.005 mg/mL for the DPPH test, a value of 28.776 ± 2.541 mg AAE/g for the TAC and an EC50 = 0.136 ± 0.003 mg/mL for reducing power. The leaf-bud extract also revealed a good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (mean diameter of inhibition zones of 13.2 and 17.0 mm, respectively), while a slight antifungal effect was observed. The plant preparation was then documented to inhibit tyrosinase activity, with an EC50 value of 0.098 ± 0.00 mg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. HPLC–DAD analysis revealed that dimethyl-allyl caffeic acid and rutin were the most abundant molecules. The current data documented that P. atlantica leaf-bud extract has strong biological properties and constitutes a potential source of pharmacological molecules.

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Abbreviations

HMLE:

Ydro-methanolic extract from P.atlantica desf. leaf-buds.

TPC:

Total phenolics

TFC:

Flavonoids

TCT:

Condensed tannins

DPPH:

2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

CE:

Catechin equivalents

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MBC:

Minimum bactericide

FW:

Fresh weight

HPLC- DAD:

High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Product Laboratory (LAPRONA), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, and Sciences of Earth and Universe, University Abou Bekr Belkaid, PB 119, Imama, Tlemcen, Algeria

    Assia Benmahieddine, Nabila Belyagoubi-Benhammou, Larbi Belyagoubi, Asma El Zerey-Belaskri, Salim Habi & Fawzia Atik Bekkara

  2. Pharmacognosy, Api-Phytoteraphy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of SNV, Mostaganem University, Mostaganem, Algeria

    Nesrine Ouda Amari & Noureddine Djebli

  3. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Angelo Gismondi, Gabriele Di Marco & Antonella Canini

Authors
  1. Assia Benmahieddine
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Contributions

Data collection: AB, AElZB; design of the study: NBB, ND, FAB; Study of antimicrobial activity: AB, LB, SH; Study of anti-inflammatory activity: AB, NOA, ND; HPLC–DAD analysis: AG, GDM, AC; Statistical analysis: NBB, AB; Analysis and interpretation of the data: AB; Drafting the manuscript: AB; Critical revision of the manuscript: NBB, AG.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nabila Belyagoubi-Benhammou.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for using animals were followed. The experimental procedures were approved by Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Biology, Tlemcen University, Algeria. These guidelines were following the internationally accepted principles for laboratory used and care.

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Benmahieddine, A., Belyagoubi-Benhammou, N., Belyagoubi, L. et al. Leaf-buds of Pistacia atlantica: a novel source of bioactive molecules with high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial properties. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 29, 209–219 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-023-01290-z

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