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A novel SCARECROW-LIKE3 transcription factor LjGRAS36 in Lotus japonicus regulates the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

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Abstract

The symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improves plants’ nutrient uptake. During this process, transcription factors have been highlighted to play crucial roles. Members of the GRAS transcription factor gene family have been reported involved in AM symbiosis, but little is known about SCARECROW-LIKE3 (SCL3) genes belonging to this family in Lotus japonicus. In this study, 67 LjGRAS genes were identified from the L. japonicus genome, seven of which were clustered in the SCL3 group. Three of the seven LjGRAS genes expression levels were upregulated by AM fungal inoculation, and our biochemical results showed that the expression of LjGRAS36 was specifically induced by AM colonization. Functional loss of LjGRAS36 in mutant ljgras36 plants exhibited a significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization rate and arbuscular size. Transcriptome analysis showed a deficiency of LjGRAS36 led to the dysregulation of the gibberellic acid signal pathway associated with AM symbiosis. Together, this study provides important insights for understanding the important potential function of SCL3 genes in regulating AM symbiotic development.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31902104).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China

    Yunjian Xu &  Jianping Wu

  2. Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China

    Yunjian Xu &  Jianping Wu

  3. National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China

    Yunjian Xu, Fang Liu, Fulang Wu, Manli Zhao, Ruifan Zou &  Xiaoyu Li

  4. School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China

    Fang Liu

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  1. Yunjian Xu
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Contributions

YX, FL, and XL conceived the project. YX, FW, RZ, and FL carried out the experiments. FL and YX performed the bioinformatics analysis. FL and YX wrote the manuscript. XL and JW reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianping Wu or Xiaoyu Li.

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Figure S1

Heat map representation of three AM-induced GRAS genes belonging to the SCL3 group under different treatment. Data was obtained from Lotus base (https://lotus.au.dk/). The value bar is shown on the right, and red to blue colors represent high to low expression levels.

Figure S3

Gene structure of LjGRAS36 in wild type Lotus japonicus and ljgras36 mutant. (A) Gene structure of LjGRAS36 and position of the LORE1a insertion in ljgras36. Gray arrows indicate the LORE1a transposon. (B) Identification of homozygous ljgras36 through genomic DNA amplification. M represents DNA marker. Gifu represents wild type L. japonicus

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Supplementary Material 4

Figure S2

Conserved amino acids sequence and protein structure of LjGRAS36. (A) Sequence alignment of LjGRAS36, AtSCL3, and SlGRAS18. The identical deduced amino acids were shaded by the red box. Highly conserved regions were indicated by black lines with motif names. (B) The predicted 3D structures of LjGRAS36, AtSCL3, and SlGRAS18 based on template 6kpb.1.A

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Xu, Y., Liu, F., Wu, F. et al. A novel SCARECROW-LIKE3 transcription factor LjGRAS36 in Lotus japonicus regulates the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28, 573–583 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01161-z

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