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Plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. strain SDA-4 confers Cd tolerance by physio-biochemical improvements, better nutrient acquisition and diminished Cd uptake in Spinacia oleracea L.

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic metal for plant metabolic processes even in low concentration due to its longer half-life and non-biodegradable nature. The current study was designed to assess the bioremediation potential of a Cd-tolerant phytobeneficial bacterial strain Bacillus sp. SDA-4, isolated, characterized and identified from Chakera wastewater reservoir, Faisalabad, Pakistan, together with spinach (as a test plant) under different Cd regimes. Spinach plants were grown with and without Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation in pots filled with 0, 5 or 10 mg kg−1 CdCl2-spiked soil. Without Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation, spinach plants exhibited reduction in biomass accumulation, antioxidative enzymes and nutrient retention. However, plants inoculated with Bacillus sp. SDA-4 revealed significantly augmented growth, biomass accumulation and efficiency of antioxidative machinery with concomitant reduction in proline and MDA contents under Cd stress. Furthermore, application of Bacillus sp. SDA-4 assisted the Cd-stressed plants to sustain optimal levels of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). It was inferred that the characterized Cd-tolerant PGPR strain, Bacillus sp. SDA-4 has a potential to reduce Cd uptake and lipid peroxidation which in turn maintained the optimum balance of nutrients and augmented the growth of Cd-stressed spinach. Analysis of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) revealed that Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation with spinach sequestered Cd in rhizospheric zone. Research outcomes are important for understanding morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of spinach-Bacillus sp. SDA-4 synergy which might provide efficient strategies to decrease Cd retention in edible plants and/or bioremediation of Cd polluted soil colloids.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the provision of funds by Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan (Grant No: 20-4243/NRPU/R&D/HEC/14/885). The results presented in this paper are the part of MPhil research work of Ms. Sadia Mujtaba.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shahid & Syeda Khola Tazeen

  2. Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq Javed, Kashif Tanwir, Muhammad Sohail Akram & Sadia Mujtaba

  3. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Core in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

  4. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Pakarab Fertilizer, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Sajid Masood

  5. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Hassan Javed Chaudhary

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MTJ, MS and MSA, planning of study; KT and SM, experimental work; SKT and MHS, statistical analysis and critically review; HJC and SM, data discussion. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Shahid, M., Javed, M.T., Tanwir, K. et al. Plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. strain SDA-4 confers Cd tolerance by physio-biochemical improvements, better nutrient acquisition and diminished Cd uptake in Spinacia oleracea L.. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 2417–2433 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00900-4

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