Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle after plaque rupture and thrombus formation, leading to ischemia and infarction. Cofilins are the proteins involved in actin dynamics by severing and dissociating actin filaments. Abnormal cofilins are associated with myopathies, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies, etc. As ACS prevalence is increasing and there is a need to find specific biomarkers for ACS diagnosis, the study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of serum cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and 2 (CFL-2) levels in ACS patients. Forty-five ACS patients as cases and 45 healthy participants as controls were recruited in a case–control pilot study. Collected blood was used to measure serum CFL-1, CFL-2 and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP, a marker of myocardial infarction) levels. Serum CFL-2 levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (2.93 [1.95–3.32] vs. 4.35 [3.4–6.61], p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum CFL-1 levels between groups. Serum CFL-2 levels were negatively associated with creatine kinase–total, creatine kinase–MB, creatine kinase–MB relative index, troponin-T, and H-FABP (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed lower CFL-2 levels were associated with a 2.45-fold increased ACS risk. ROC analysis showed no advantage of serum CFL-2 levels over serum H-FABP levels for ACS diagnosis (AUC: 0.120 Vs 0.710, p > 0.05). In conclusion, serum CFL-1 and 2 levels may not have greater significance in ACS diagnosis than traditional cardiac biomarkers. However, further cohort studies with a larger sample size must confirm the study’s findings.
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This work was supported by an Intramural research grant from JIPMER, Puducherry, India (No: JIP/Res/Intramural/Phs 1/2021-22 dated May 20, 2021).
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A.K.G. obtained patient data and blood samples, analyzed blood samples and data; P.S.A. designed the study, analyzed the data and contributed to the writing of the manuscript; K.V.V designed the study and contributed for the selection of study participants. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Approval of the Institute Human Ethics Committee was taken (JIP/IEC/2021/014 Dated 03/03/2021). Written informed consent was taken from the study participants before recruitment and after informing them that the study was not part of their treatment.
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Ganguli, A.K., Adole, P.S. & Vinod, K.V. Exploring the Diagnostic Utility of Serum Cofilin-1 and 2 Levels in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case–Control Pilot Study. Ind J Clin Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01195-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01195-y