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Heparin Binding Protein in Early Differential Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis

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Abstract

Heparin-binding protein is a serine protease that is mobilized rapidly from emigrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes that acts as a chemoattractant activator of monocyte and macrophages. We investigated the potential role and efficacy of serum and cerebrospinal fluid heparin binding protein in differentiating bacterial meningitis from tuberculosis and viral meningitis. A case diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis (n:37), viral meningitis (n:30) and tuberculous meningitis (n:30) was included in this study. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical criteria, cerebrospinal fluid examination, latex agglutination and culture, and response to therapy. Heparin-binding protein was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Cerebrospinal fluid heparin-binding protein levels were 7.81 ± 0.23 ng/mL in bacterial meningitis, 6.11 ± 0.3 ng/mL in tuberculosis meningitis and 5.75 ± 0.1 ng/mL in viral meningitis. The mean serum level was 14.98 ± 1.1 ng/mL in bacterial meningitis, 6.89 ± 0.4 ng/mL in tuberculosis meningitis, and 6.02 ± 0.4 ng/mL in viral meningitis. Both heparin-binding protein levels were significantly higher in patients with bacterial meningitis. We found that serum and cerebrospinal fluid heparin binding protein is a useful marker for differentiating bacterial meningitis from non-bacterial meningitis.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Governing Unit of Gaziantep University (Protocol number: SBF.17.03).

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ESN, MN, IK—research concept and design; ESN, MN, EE—collection and/or assembly of data; ESN, MN, EE—data analysis and interpretation; ESN, MN—writing the article; ESN, MN, IK—critical revision of the article; ESN, MN—final approval of article.

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Correspondence to Emine Siber Namiduru.

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Namiduru, E.S., Namiduru, M., Karaoğlan, İ. et al. Heparin Binding Protein in Early Differential Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis. Ind J Clin Biochem 39, 118–123 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01066-4

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